Technology Transfer or Exchange of Ideas? Technological and Typological Investigations on the Chipped Stone Industry of the Late PPNA and EPPNB (9th mill. calBC) in a North-South Comparison: The Example Mushash 163 / Jordan

技术转让还是思想交流？PPNA和EPPNB(第9磨坊)晚期碎石工业的技术和类型学研究CalBC)在南北比较中：新石化进程(约10,000-6,000 CalBC)内的范例Mushash 163/Jordan，公元前9世纪形成了一个特别重要的时间段。野生物种的驯化过程，从第十厂就开始了。完成了CalBC，并实施了石材生产中的重大技术创新。第九磨坊。CalBC被划分为三个文化时期：新石器时代晚期(9800-8600 calBC)，新石器时代早期B/EPPNB(8600-8300/8200calBC)，以及新石器时代中期B/MPPNB(从公元前8200calBC开始)。其中，EPPNB的特点长期以来一直是争议的主题。科学辩论的一个重要方面涉及到所谓的双向核心和叶片技术的出现和传播，这种技术的起源长期以来一直被怀疑是在幼发拉底河中部地区。这项新技术专注于生产几乎标准化的长而均匀的刀片的初级产品，这些产品构成了二级产品的基础，包括各种诊断投射点。由于莱万特南部遗址密度的增加，现在可以对EPPNB进行更有区别的评估，特别是在石材行业和绝对测年方面。PPNA和EPPNB晚期最重要的新遗址之一是定居点Mushash 163，位于安曼以东约40公里处，于2014至2017年间挖掘。从第九磨坊流出的碎石的广谱。与来自所有相关背景的广泛的14C数据序列相结合，可以对新石器时代早期的岩块发展进行有充分依据的地层年代学分析，并对技术创新的传播做出新的陈述。从Mushash 163开始的岩石业工作的初步结果表明，与中幼发拉底河地区的技术发展几乎同步，并允许审查迄今就EPPNB复合体的形成和扩散提出的假说。申请的资金将用于对石块发现进行最后评估和对结果进行解释。

Technology Transfer or Exchange of Ideas? Technological and Typological Investigations on the Chipped Stone Industry of the Late PPNA and EPPNB (9th mill. calBC) in a North-South Comparison: The Example Mushash 163 / Jordan Within the neolithization process (c. 10,000 – 6,000 calBC), the 9th millennium calBC forms a particularly significant period of time. The domestication process of wild species, which began already in the 10th mill. calBC, is accomplished, and important technological innovations within the lithic production are implemented. The 9th mill. calBC is divided into three cultural periods: The late Pre-Pottery Neolithic A / PPNA (9800-8600 calBC), the early Pre-Pottery Neolithic B / EPPNB (8600-8300/8200 calBC) and the beginning of the middle Pre-Pottery Neolithic B / MPPNB (from 8200 calBC). Of these, the EPPNB has long been the subject of controversy with regard to its characteristics. An essential aspect of the scientific debate concerns the emergence and spread of the so-called bidirectional core and blade technology, whose origin has since long been suspected in the middle Euphrates region. This new technique focuses on the production of almost standardized primary products of long, uniform blades, which form the basis for the secondary products, including various diagnostic projectile points.Due to the increasing density of sites in the southern Levant, a more differentiated evaluation of the EPPNB is now possible, especially with regard to the lithic industries and the absolute dating. One of the most important new sites from the period of the late PPNA and EPPNB is the settlement Mushash 163, located about 40 km east of Amman, which was excavated between 2014 and 2017. The broad spectrum of chipped stones from the 9th mill. calBC), in combination with an extensive sequence of 14C data from all relevant contexts, allows a well-founded stratigraphic-chronological analysis of lithic development and new statements on the spread of technological innovations in the Early Neolithic period. The preliminary results of the work on the lithic industries from Mushash 163 point to almost simultaneous technological developments as in the middle Euphrates region and allow a review of the hypotheses formulated so far on the formation and spread of the EPPNB complex. The requested funds are intended for the final evaluation of the lithic finds and the interpretation of the results.