A Study on the Characteristics of Water Balance of Japanese Lakes and their Classification

本研究的目的是阐明日本湖泊水量平衡的特点，并根据补给源和排泄源的不同提出其分类。在本文中，日本的湖泊已被分类的基础上存在的流入和流出的河流。文中还对地下水贡献较大的典型湖泊水量平衡实例进行了定量分析。主要研究结果如下：1.将日本333个湖泊分为渗漏湖、开放湖和半咸水湖三类。渗漏湖数量占湖泊总数的38.7%，渗漏湖体积占湖盆体积的24.0（10.88 km^3），177个开放湖泊（31.86 km^3）和27个咸水湖（2.55 km^3）。3.在日本这样湿润的水文气象条件下，渗漏湖水量平衡以湖盆地下水渗漏为特征; 4.各湖泊流域水量平衡计算及与湖泊的比较在热带和干旱气候下的生物学特性有待于进一步研究。

The purpose of the study is to clarify the characteristics of water balance of Japanese lakes and to propose their classification according to the difference of the sorce of recharge and discharge. In the present paper, Japanese lakes have been classified based on the existence of inflowing and outflowing rivers. Some typical examples of water balance of the lake in which groundwater contribution is considrably large were also quantitatively examined. The results obtained are summarized as follows :1.333 Japanese lakes are classified into three categories, namely seepage lake, open lake and brackish lake. The ratio of seepage lake to all lakes is 38.7% in number and 24.0% in volume of lake basin.2.The number and the total volume of lake basin for each water balance category include 129 seepage lakes (10.88 km^3) , 177 open lakess (31.86 km^3) and 27 brackish lakes (2.55 km^3).3.Under the humid hydrometerological conditions like Japan, the water balance of seepage lake is characterized by the groundwater seepage from lake basin.4.The calculation of water balance for drainage area of each lake and the comparison with lakes under the tropical and arid climate are left for future studies.