Research on Physics Education in University-Individualization and Diversification in Physics Education

如何对高中没有学过物理的学生进行物理教育，是当前高校初中物理教育面临的一个严重问题。学生们在物理学方面有广泛的基础成就和兴趣。最近，所谓的“不喜欢物理”在学生中变得突出。在本研究中，为了应对这种情况，我们为一年级学生设计了物理课程并进行了实践。我们将物理教育分为基础和高级两门课程。这门基础课程包括物理学的基础知识。高级课程主要包括当前热门领域和应用领域，如医学物理学。在后一门课程中，学生可以根据自己的兴趣和关注点进行自主学习。在基础课程中，我们根据学生的不同能力，部分设计了计算机辅助学习系统，以补充授课内容。本系统利用超文本，方便学生了解学习领域的整体形象，同时使我们能够根据学生的能力采取适当的措施。在高级课程中，学生利用数据库查找自己需要的数据，并对自己的学科进行研究和学习。该数据库主要由可供学生使用的期刊文章信息组成。此外，我们对课程进行了规划，使他们能够体验到各种工作流程，如管理文献的信息处理和展示研究成果的小型会议。根据对学生的问卷调查，他们普遍对课程表现出积极的反应。另一方面，还存在人力和计算机设备不足、数据库记录更新等问题有待解决。

One of the serious problems in the physics educatioin in junior course at the universities is how to educate those who have not studied physics at high school. The students have a broad spectrum of their basic achievements and interests in physics. Recently, so-called "disliking physics" becomes outstanding among the students. In this research, in order to cope wiht the situation we devised physics courses for the first grade students and paerformed them.We organized the physics education in two courses, basic and advanced ones. The basic course consists of the basics of physics. The advanced course mainly consists of currently topical fields and application areas such as medical physics. In the latter course the students can perform voluntary learning according to their own interests and concerns.In the basic course, we partly devised a computer-aided learning system for the purpose to complement the lectures in accordance with varieties of the students' abilities. This system utilizes hypertext to facilitate students' understanding of the whole image of the learning field and, at the same time, enables us to take adequate measures according to the students' abilities.In the advanced course, the students utilize the database for searching the data necessary for the them-selves and perform research and study of their subjects. The database mainly consists of the information on articles in journals available for students. Further, we programd the course so that they could experience various working processes such as information processing to manage the literature and a mini-conference to present the results of their studies.According to the questionnaire to the students, they generally showed positive reactions to the course. On the other hand, there remain problems to be settled such as the lack of manpower and computer equipment, updating of the database records, and so forth.