Voluntariness, Democracy, and Climate Politics. A Social Philosophical Reconstruction

社会哲学子项目探讨了自愿性在气候变化带来的社会和政治挑战中的意义。首先，它调查了民主气候政治中自愿参与出现的条件。其次，它考察了西方社会对自愿性的核心理解，以及它们各自在自由概念中的基础，在一定程度上造成了气候变化，并阻碍了集体民主的社会生态转型。该分项目的第一个研究目标是继续研究第一个资助期的主题，即民主政治中自愿参与的出现的条件将位于政治进程之前的社会实践中。这些实践通常具有三个结构特征：自我目的性、偶然性和自发性。子项目探讨了实现自愿参与气候政治的必要和适当的具体实践。此外，它的目的是更准确地描述与这种自愿参与有关的特殊态度。在这样做的过程中，子项目批判性地超越了社会自由主义的方法，将参与的先决条件主要定位在民主参与的法律、物质和制度先决条件中。第二个研究目标是从批判的角度分析自由和自愿、气候变化和环境退化之间关系的概念之间的联系。将调查这些概念在开发和破坏自然方面所起的作用，以及它们在阻碍集体变革战略方面的作用。子项目以当代自由讨论为出发点，关注自由的消极和积极概念，以行动学的兴趣研究与各自自由概念相关的具体实践。该子项目还追求建设性的观点，以确定对自愿主义及其自由理论基础的可持续理解的要素。社会哲学子项目为整个项目做出了不可或缺的概念贡献。由于其对气候政治的关注，它有助于通过具有重大相关性的社会政治方面扩大研究小组自愿的主题范围。因此，子项目追求的总体目标是通过讨论自愿参与和政治参与、自由的概念和实践等问题，促进对气候变化的民主方法的辩论。

The social philosophy sub-project explores the meaning of voluntariness with regard to the social and political challenges posed by climate change. First, it investigates the conditions for the emergence of voluntary participation in a democratic climate politics. Second, it examines the ways in which understandings of voluntariness central to Western societies, with their respective underpinnings in conceptions of freedom, are both partly responsible for climate change as well as blocking a collective democratic socio-ecological transformation. With its first research objective, the sub-project continues to pursue the thesis of the first funding period, namely that the conditions for the emergence of voluntary participation in democratic politics are to be located in social practices that precede the political process. These practices can generally be characterized by the three structural features of self-purposefulness, contingency, and spontaneity. The sub-project asks about the specific practices that are necessary and appropriate to enable voluntary participation in climate politics. Moreover, it aims at a more precise characterization of the particular attitude associated with this voluntary participation. In doing so, the sub-project critically goes beyond socio-liberal approaches that locate the preconditions for the emergence of participation primarily in legal, material and institutional prerequisites of democratic participation. The second research objective is to analyze, in a critical perspective, the link between conceptions of the relation between freedom and voluntariness, climate change and environmental degradation. The role that such conceptions play in relation to the exploitation and destruction of nature as well as their role in blocking collective transformative strategies will be investigated. The sub-project takes its starting point in the contemporary discussion of freedom and focuses on both negative and positive concepts of freedom, examining with praxeological interest the specific practices associated with the respective conceptions of freedom. The sub-project also pursues the constructive perspective of determining elements of a sustainable understanding of voluntarism and its freedom-theoretical underpinnings. The social philosophical sub-project makes an indispensable conceptual contribution to the overall project. With its focus on climate politics, it contributes to broadening the thematic spectrum of voluntariness in the research group by a socio-political aspect of great relevance. The sub-project thus pursues the overarching goal of contributing to the debate on a democratic approach to climate change by traversing the issues of voluntary engagement and political participation, conceptions and practices of freedom.