Dynamical Evolution of Planetary Systems in Star Clusters

近年来，包括多个系统在内的数千颗系外行星已被发现。从原行星盘和行星胚胎形成行星系统已经得到了很好的研究，特别是观察到的行星系统多样性是如何通过行星-行星散射、长期演化以及行星与气体/碎片盘之间的相互作用等过程产生的。几乎所有这些工作都集中在孤立行星系统的形成和演化上。然而，即使不是所有的恒星，也有许多恒星的诞生地是一个星团或星团，这些星团可能会在一段时间后消散，也可能仍然是一个疏散的星团。在这个项目中，我们将继续研究行星系统是如何通过与其他恒星相遇而在其新生星团中受到外部动力学效应的塑造和重组的。在这个项目期间，我们将重点关注行星系统在与其他恒星引力相遇后的延迟失稳，以及在星团中频繁出现的双星的影响。在这个背景下，行星系统的主恒星可以是双星(拥有所谓的S行星和R行星)，也可以是引力相遇的过往物体。此外，已发现行星轨道的相互倾斜是星团引力相遇的结果；这将是详细研究的主题；对太阳系外行星的观察提供的信息仍然很少。该项目包括行星系统耦合演化的理论数值模型，与周围星团的演化动力学模型密切相关。

Thousands of exoplanets, including multiple systems, have been identified in recent years. The formation of planetary systems from protoplanetary disks and planetary embryos has been well studied, in particular how the observed diversity of planetary systems is generated by processes such as planet-planet scattering, secular evolution, and interaction between planets and gas/debris disks. Almost all of this work has focused on the formation and evolution of isolated planetary systems. The birth places of many if not all stars, however, is in a star cluster or association, which may either disperse after some time or remain an open cluster. In this project we will continue to study how planetary systems are shaped and reorganized by the external dynamical effects in their nascent star cluster by encounters with other stars.In this project period we will focus on the delayed destabilization of planetary systems after gravitational encounters with other stars, and on the influence of binary stars, which are frequent in star clusters. In this context the host star of a planetary system can be a binary star (hosting so-called S- and R-planets) as well as the passing object of the gravitational encounter. Furthermore it has been found that mutual inclinations of planetary orbits are a consequence of gravitational encounters in star clusters; this will be subject of a detailed study; observation of extrasolar planets gives yet very little information on this. The project consists of theoretical numerical models of the coupled evolution of planetary systems, in close connection with an evolving dynamial model of a surrounding star cluster.