Sloan Digital Sky Survey: Completion of Survey Observations and Studies for Cosmology

SDSS项目于2005年6月完成了原计划的运作。我们从1993年开始建造仪器，并于2000年开始运行。在此期间，它获得了计划区域115%的成像和76%的光谱分析。光谱学的成就稍低是由于2004年和2005年冬季和春季的恶劣天气。从2005年7月起，我们开始了一个新的计划，SDSS-II，为期三年，主要目的是填补缺失的观测区域，并辅之以两个新项目，从我们的经验来看，SDSS对这两个项目非常有用。到目前为止，我们已经公布了6670平方度的成像数据，其中包括1.8亿个天文物体，其中一半是星系，以及85万个星系的光谱。目前的赠款项目对应于原始项目和SDSS-II的中后期部分，并不时对所获得的数据进行分析，我们的成果已经很好地满足了项目开始时设定的科学目标。我们获得的数据正在并将在本世纪被世界各地广泛用于精密天文科学。SDSS项目被认为是我们这个时代最成功的科学项目。该助学金的成员撰写了108篇论文，在社会上获得了超过16000次的引文。其科学成果包括宇宙学、宇宙的大尺度结构、高红移类星体和高红移宇宙的研究、星系天文学、恒星科学，特别是低温恒星和小行星科学。也许最重要的是定量地验证了由冷暗物质和暗能量主导的宇宙模型很好地描述了我们的宇宙及其演化。这让我们对宇宙有了基本的了解。研究结果还指出了未来大型天文项目研究的方向和目标。

The SDSS project finished its originally planned operations in June 2005. We began the construction of the instruments in 1993 and the operation in 2000. During the time it attained imaging for 115% of the planned region and spectroscopy for 76%. Somewhat lower achievement of the spectroscopy is due to poor weather in the winter and spring of 2004 and 2005. We began a new programme, SDSS-II for another three years from July 2005, for the purpose primarily to fill the missing observed regions, supplemented with two new projects, for which SDSS turns out to be extremely useful from our experience.To date we have made public the imaging data for 6670 square degrees that comprises 180 million astronomical objects, a half of them being galaxies, and spectra of 850 thousand galaxies. The present Grant-in-Aid project corresponds to the mid to the latest part of the original project and SDSS-II.Analyses of the acquired data were made from time to time, and our achievements have already satisfied well the scientific goals set in the beginning of the project. The data we acquired are and will be used world-widely throughout this century for precision astronomical sciences. The SDSS project is regarded as the most successful scientific project in our time. The members of the Grant-in-Aid authored 108 papers that have already received over 16000 citations in the community.The science produced ranges from cosmology, large-scale structure of the universe, high redshift quasars and studies for high redshift universe, galactic astronomy, stellar science, especially that of low temperature stars, and asteroid science. Probably the most important is the quantitative verification that our universe and its evolution are described well by the model of the universe dominated by cold dark matter and dark energy. This allowed our basic understanding of the Universe. The result also indicates the direction and objectives to be studied with large-scale astronomical projects in the future.