KFG 20: Universalism and Particularism in European Contemporary History

高级研究中心(CAS)研究20世纪70年代至今欧洲当代史上的普遍主义和特殊主义秩序模式。普遍主义主张的目标是普遍适用的规则，然而，对这些规则的要求通常遵循具体的利益。相比之下，特殊主义模型拒绝任何一般性的主张，并证明以构建个人或群体相关需求为导向的指导原则是合理的。中科院的研究计划提出了这样一个问题：在当代历史上，普遍主义和特殊主义主张是如何构建的，以及政治-社会变革是如何构思、辩护、促进甚至阻止的。CAS侧重于经济、宗教/世俗和人权制度，并分三步调查这些研究领域：(1)普遍主义和特殊主义概念，(2)其转移和(3)作用。CAS的目的是更好地了解过渡的复杂性以及普遍主义和特殊主义概念在欧洲当代史上的叠加。中科院的核心假设是，东欧和西欧的当代历史只能在其相互依存和全球纠葛中得到充分描述。中科院由三位学者领导，分别代表当代史(Andreas Wirsching)、欧洲史(Kiran Patel)和东欧史(Martin Schulze Wessel)。由于这种个人星座，中科院能够在其全球背景下审视西欧和东欧的历史。中科院推行的理论项目包括历史学家和社会科学家之间的密集对话。因此，杰出研究员Marta Bucholc(社会学)、Alexander Libman(政治学)和Angelika NuúBerger(法学)在中科院的框架中发挥了关键作用。中科院打算就历史和社会科学研究概念在分析近代史方面的潜力进行讨论。中科院的核心是研究员计划，邀请杰出的、高级的和初级的研究员。中科院高度重视慕尼黑LMU更多同事的参与，并重视通过媒体向科学和非科学目标群体传播科学成果。作为其工作的一个重要成果，中科院将在任期结束时展示一部以跨学科合作为基础的理论基础上的欧洲当代史，这将继承中科院的基本理念。

The Centre for Advanced Studies (CAS) investigates universalist and particularist models of order in European contemporary history from the 1970s to the present. Universalist claims aim at universally applicable rules, the demand for which, however, usually follows concrete interests. In contrast, particularist models reject any general claim and justify guiding principles that are oriented towards the construction of individual or group-related needs. The CAS research program poses the question how universalist and particularist claims were constructed in contemporary history and how political-social change was conceived, justified, promoted or even prevented with them. The CAS focuses on economic, religious/secular and human rights regimes and investigates these research areas in three steps: (1) universalist and particularist concepts, (2) their transfer and (3) functions.The aim of the CAS is to gain a better understanding of the complexity of the transition and the overlaying of universalist and particularist concepts in European contemporary history. Central to the CAS is the assumption that contemporary history in Eastern and Western Europe can only be adequately described in its interdependencies and global entanglements. The CAS is headed by three scholars who represent contemporary history (Andreas Wirsching), European History (Kiran Patel) and Eastern European history (Martin Schulze Wessel). Due to this personal constellation, the CAS is in a position to examine the history of Western and Eastern Europe in its global context. The CAS pursues a theoretical program that consists of an intensive dialogue between historians and social scientists. The Distinguished Fellows Marta Bucholc (sociology), Alexander Libman (political science) and Angelika Nußberger (law) thus play a key role in the frame of the CAS. The CAS intends to discuss concepts of historical and social science research with regard to their potential for the analysis of recent contemporary history. Central to the CAS is the Fellow Program, in which distinguished, senior and junior fellows are invited. The CAS attaches great importance to the involvement of further colleagues of the LMU Munich and to the media dissemination of scientific results to scientific and non-scientific target groups. As an important result of its work, the CAS will at the end of its term present a theoretically founded European contemporary history based on interdisciplinary cooperation, which takes up the basic ideas of the CAS.