KFG 33: Access to cultural goods in digital change: art historical, curatorial, and ethical aspects

获得文化产品是行使文化参与人权的一个基本先决条件（《世界人权宣言》第二十七条）。与此相关的文化产品包括所有用于传递信息或表达和进一步发展一种文化对世界和自身的理解的人工制品：艺术品、档案馆、收藏品和博物馆的藏品、科学研究成果的出版物等。数字化转型从根本上改变了获取文化产品的可能性和条件，并将继续带来新的生产、再生产和接受这些商品的形式和做法，以及与这些商品的互动：在数字化过程中，一方面，获取文化产品、博物馆、收藏品、档案馆、而且也涉及到专门存在于网络空间或可以通过数字技术以新方式获取的非物质商品。与此同时，新形式的准入限制正在侵犯个人和特定群体的使用可能性和使用权利。此外，数字化还将文化产品的生产和接受与技术先决条件联系在一起，这些先决条件可以被描述为二级准入条件。研究小组旨在分析数字化主要（但不限于）在艺术方面对文化产品准入造成的变化，并审视不断变化的机会以及随之而来的问题和冲突，从（1）艺术科学，（2）策展和（3）伦理角度。因此，研究小组将（1）通过分析数字技术对艺术生产和接受的重要性，通过研究数字化转型为当代艺术以及旧艺术开放的机会和发展可能性，并通过反思艺术作品的具体可及性问题，而不是那些已经广泛讨论过的时间和短暂的艺术形式。它还旨在（2）探索随着数字化转型带来的访问方式的变化以及对某些艺术作品和其他收藏品的访问的新限制对策展实践的影响。(3)最后，同样重要的是，它将促进关于版权政策的辩论和法律的研究，并从伦理角度探讨影响艺术品和其他文化产品获取的冲突：研究小组将详细阐述和论证某些伦理原则，这些原则可能会为法律的政策提供信息，并对管理文化产品获取的现有法律的条例进行伦理评估。

Access to cultural goods is an essential prerequisite for exercising the human right to cultural participation (Art. 27 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights). Cultural goods relevant in this context include all artifacts that serve to convey information or to articulate and further develop a culture’s understanding of the world and itself: works of art, holdings of archives, collections and museums, publications of the results of scientific research, and the like.The digital transformation has fundamentally changed the possibilities and conditions of access to cultural goods, and will continue to bring about new forms and practices of production, reproduction, and reception of such goods, as well as interaction with them: In the course of digitization, on the one hand, dynamic and potentially democratic forms of access to cultural goods, to museums, collections, archives, but also to immaterial goods are emerging that exist exclusively in cyberspace or can be accessed in new ways by means of digital technologies. At the same time, new forms of access restriction are encroaching on the usage possibilities and usage rights of individuals and specific groups. Furthermore, digitality ties the production and reception of cultural goods to technological preconditions that can be characterized as second-order access conditions.The research group aims to analyze the changes in access to cultural goods caused by digitalization primarily – but not exclusively – with regard to art. It takes a look at the evolving opportunities as well as problems and conflicts that arise with them, from (1) an art-scientific, (2) a curatorial and (3) an ethical perspective. The research group will thus (1) significantly broaden the state of art research by analyzing the significance of access to digital technologies for art production and reception, by examining the opportunities and development possibilities that the digital transformation opens up for access to contemporary, but also to older art, and by reflecting on art-specific problems of accessibility concerning works of fine art other than those temporal and ephemeral art forms that have already been discussed quite extensively. It also aims to (2) explore the consequences for curatorial practice that arise with the changing ways of access and with the new restriction on access to certain art works and other collection goods brought about by the digital transformation. (3) Last, not least, it shall contribute to debates on copyright policy and legal studies with an ethical perspective on conflicts affecting access to art works and other cultural goods: the research group is going to elaborate and justify certain ethical principles that might inform legal policies and the ethical evaluation of existing legal regulations governing access to cultural goods.