Theocritus’ 'Herakliskos' (eid. 24).Introduction, text, translation, commentary

在这个项目中，我的目标是评论希腊诗歌的一个中心文本(根据与牛津大学出版社的合同)。它产生于公元前3世纪上半叶，因此属于希腊化时期，其诗歌对后来的文学生产产生了相当大的影响。我在这里只提到奥古斯都时期的罗马诗歌(特别是西奥克里托斯的维吉尔的情况)，但也提到现代欧洲文学，用德语。在过去三十年左右的时间里，关于希腊化诗歌的学术取得了巨大的进步，其中开辟了研究的新视角，例如，关于希腊化诗歌是否可以指埃及背景的问题，其中一部分创作于托勒密亚历山大。西奥克里托斯的第24首田园诗试图拥抱赫拉克勒斯在172米六米比赛中的整个英雄生涯。它聚焦于他小时候的第一件事：勒死赫拉派来杀死赫拉克勒斯和他的兄弟伊菲克勒斯的两条蛇。由于这种对童年和家庭生活等引人入胜的主题的关注，需要对英雄人物进行缩影，因此该书属于最受欢迎的希腊化诗歌，尤其是因为它被认为在一句话中结合了希腊化美学的许多典型特征。因此，令人惊讶的是，没有对文本进行适当的全面评论。A.S.F.Gow的不朽的Theocritus注释对于讨论文本和注释问题仍然不可或缺，但它现在已经有近70年的历史了。因此，它的兴趣在一定程度上与今天的读者不同。仅用一篇详尽的评论来评论这首诗是不能令人满意的。因此，在西奥克里特的其他田园诗最近找到了称职的评论员之后，是时候让赫拉克利斯科成为详细解释的对象了。新评注的总体目标应该是：(I)将更新的解释方法和工具(如叙事学、互文性、结构主义分析)应用于Herakliskos；(Ii)批判性地利用最近关于希腊化诗歌的学术成果，使单一文本的读者能够阅读它们；(Iii)纳入新的文本证据(纸质、铭文，中世纪抄本)，以建立Herakliskos本身的新文本。在相关文本领域的新发现(例如，Posidippus在米兰卷上的警句)可以帮助我们解释我们的诗歌；(Iv)纳入最近在相关研究领域的学术成果，如古代史、古典考古学、埃及学和宗教史。

In this project I aim to comment on a central text of Greek poetry (under contract with Oxford University Press). It comes from the first half of the third century BC and therefore belongs to the Hellenistic period, the poetry of which had a considerable impact on the literary production of later times. I here only mention the Roman poetry of the Augustan period (in Theocritus’ case Vergil in particular), but also modern European literature, in German. Scholarship on Hellenistic poetry has made an enormous progress within the last thirty years or so, in which new perspectives of research have been opened, e.g. on the question whether Hellenistic poetry, part of which was created in Ptolemaic Alexandria, could refer to an Egyptian backround. Theocritus’ 24th Idyll attempts to embrace Heracles’ whole heroic career in 172 hexameters. It focuses upon his first deed as a baby: the strangling of the two snakes sent by Hera to kill Heracles and his brother Iphicles. Due to this focus on the appealing themes of childhood and homely life, which entail a miniaturizing of the heroic, the text belongs to the most popular of Hellenistic poetry, all the more so since it is believed to combine many typical traits of Hellenistic aesthetics in a nutshell.Thus it is all the more surprising that there is no proper full-scale commentary on the text. The monumental Theocritus commentary by A. S. F. Gow is still indispensable for the discussion of textual and exegetical problems, but it is now almost 70 years old. Its interests, therefore, are partly different from those of today’s readers. The only attempt to treat the poem in a single, detailed commentary is unsatisfactory. Thus, after other idylls of Theocritus have recently found competent commentators, it is time to make the Herakliskos the object of a detailed explanation. Such a restriction to a relatively small number of verses seems wise in order to do justice to the high complexity of the poem.The general aims of the new commentary shall be:(i) to apply more recent methods and tools of interpretation (e.g. narratology, intertextuality, structuralistic analysis) to the Herakliskos;(ii) to make critical use of the results of recent scholarship on Hellenistic poetry and make them accessible for the reader of a single text; (iii) to include new textual evidence (papyrological, inscriptional, in medieval codices) for establishing a new text of the Herakliskos itself. New findings in the area of related texts (e.g. Posidippus’ epigrams on the Milan Roll) can help the interpretation of our poem;(iv) to include the results of recent scholarship in related areas of research such as ancient history, classical archaeology, Egyptology and history of religion.