Evaluation and Prediction of the Urban Thermal Environment Considering Both Urban Blocks and Buildings

为改善热岛效应等城市热环境，实现建筑节能，开展了考虑城市与建筑之间联系的城市热环境研究。本报告分为以下五个部分。1.城市区域的分析与改善1.调查不同城市形态和地面条件下城市区域上部位置的感热和潜热通量，并对该区域进行三维CFD模拟，通过给出地表温度和植被蒸腾来改善热环境。2.街道热舒适性评价基于主观申报调查和物理热测量，研究了街道热环境，明确了居民定义为有利环境的特征。3.基于气孔导度建立树木蒸腾模型。对模型的参数进行了辨识，提出了估算叶面积的方法。将该模型应用于城市热环境预测。4.建立了天空辐射分布模型，研究了天空辐射分布对空调负荷的影响。开发了利用空间卫星获取的遥感数据预测房间照度的方法，并进行了实验验证。5.季节性蓄热系统在缓解热岛效应方面的应用提出了季节性蓄热系统的优化控制方法，并通过实际建筑验证了运行策略的性能。结果以33篇全文和99篇口头报告的形式发表。

Urban environment research on thermal environment considering the link between urban areas and buildings was carried out in order to improve urban thermal environment such as heat island effect and attain energy conservation in buildings. The report is subdivided into five subsections as follows.1.Analysis and improvement of urban areasThe sensible and latent heat flux measured at the upper positions of urban areas with various urban configurations and ground conditions were investigated and three dimensional CFD simulation of the areas was carried out to improve the heat environment by giving surface temperatures and transpiration of vegetations.2.Evaluation of the thermal comfort on streetsThermal environment on streets was investigated based on subjective declaration investigation and physical thermal measurement and the characteristics of the environment defined by inhabitants as favorable were clarified.3.Modeling of tree transpirationTranspiration of trees was modeled based on stomata conductance. The parameters of the model were identified and the method to estimate the leaf area was developed as well. The model was applied to predict the urban thermal environment.4.Estimation of sky radiance distribution and its useSky radiance distribution was modeled and its effect on air-conditioning load was investigated. The method of predicting the illuminance of a room using the remote sensing data obtained by a space satellite was developed and validated by experiment.5.Usage of seasonal thermal storage system for heat island mitigationOptimal control method of a seasonal thermal storage system was developed and the performance of the operation strategy was verified using a real building.The results were reported as 33 full papers and 99 oral presentation papers.