Understanding of meteorological characteristics in mountains and mountainous fogs and their impacts of subalpine forests

测定了纪仓山和富士山的气象条件、大气水汽化学性质和稳定同位素。本研究获得了以下新的解释：辐射雾和修正雾出现日的气象要素日变化，特别是气温、大气水汽亏缺和风向的日变化，与非雾日有很大的不同。稳定同位素分析表明，上升雾中有一部分是水汽，水汽储存在盆地底部。水汽收支分析表明，流域口部平流和地表蒸散是水汽的主要来源。结果表明，在酸性和酸性两种胁迫条件下，树木的蒸腾量约占整个流域总蒸腾量的5%~ 70%，除降雨事件外，树木的湿润持续时间约占整个观测周期的15%，树木的凝露发生在清晨。和干旱的一些生理特性发生变化，这些现象将导致臭氧暴露和干旱胁迫，而不是酸雾。

Meteorological conditions, chemical properties and stable isotope of atmospheric vapor were measures in Mt Norikura and Mt. Hachimantai to understand mountain fogs, e.g. radiation fog and amending fog, and its vapor source qualitatively The followings are new interpretations obtained from this project.Diurnal variation of meteorological variables, especially an elapse rate of air temperature, atomospheric vapor deficit and wind direction, were quite different in days when radiation fog and amending fog appeared from in non-foggy days. This result showed that appearance of mountain fogs required a strong local circulation It was shown from the stable isotope analyses that a part of ascending fogs consisted of water vapor which was stored in the bottom of a basin. Water vapor budget analyses showed that major sources of water vapor were the advection at a mouth of watershed and evapotranspiration from surface. And water vapor evaporated and/or transpired from the surface occupied about 5-70 % of total water vapor in the basin.Wetting duration of trees except for rainfall events reached to about 15 % of observation periods and condensation on trees occurred in early morning.Physiological properties were measured under a single or a coupled stresses from exposures of acid kg and atone, and drought Several changes of physiological properties are occurred and these phenomena will results from ozone exposure and drought stress rather than acid fogs.