National Identities and Bilateral Relations of Japan and Russia

这一研究项目的主要目的是从国家认同的角度考察20世纪日本与苏联/俄罗斯的关系，从而为学术文献的正文做出贡献。该项目所采用的分析框架将国家认同定义为国家“自我”相对于一系列外部“他人”的社会建构。该项目审查了一系列与双边关系有关的官方文件、文学和学术著作，以及两国期刊和报纸上的文章。该项目运用“自我/他者”的框架，分析了日本和俄罗斯在20世纪彼此身份认同建构中的作用。就日本而言，这个项目主要集中在二战后时代。它分析了冷战背景下苏联和俄罗斯的主导观点以及保守派…之间的国内竞争更多的动机和进步者。在北方领土争端的背景下，该项目特别关注阿伊努人运动的意识形态，它对有关北方领土的主流话语构成的挑战，以及它与日本当代关于俄罗斯的辩论的论述关系。就俄罗斯而言，这个项目的重点是俄罗斯革命之后的几年。它考察了围绕国家、种族、阶级、资本主义和社会主义概念演变的主导身份话语，并考察了俄罗斯人对日本和中国与这些话语形成的关系的看法。与其他关于皮尔尼亚克日本游记的作品不同，本研究将皮尔尼亚克的印象追溯到俄罗斯和日本之间的相似之处，而不是两者之间的东方主义差异。此外，该项目的这一部分表明，单独来看，皮尔尼亚克的任何想法都不能被认为是原创的，如果与关于远东的辩论相比，特别是在革命前的俄罗斯，日本尤其如此。然而，皮尔尼亚克叙事的独特性在于作为一个整体的叙事。也就是说，它的独特之处在于它可以灵活地从一个分类法转移到另一个分类法，从马克思主义范畴到东西方的种族主义二分法。较少

This research project's main purpose was to contribute to the body of academic literature dealing with 20^<th> century Japan's relations with the Soviet Union/Russia by examining it from the perspective of national identity. The analytical framework deployed in this project defined national identity as a social construction of the national "self" which is defined vis-a-vis an array of external "others". This project examined a wide array of official documents, literary and academic works, as well as articles in journals and newspapers in both countries that in one way or another relate to bilateral relations. By applying the "self/other" framework this project analyzed the role of Japan and Russia in the construction of each other's identity in the 20^<th> century. In the case of Japan, this project focused mainly on the post-WWII era. It analyzed the dominant perceptions of the Soviet Union and Russia against the background of the Cold War and the domestic rivalry between the conserva … More tives and the progressives. In the context of the Northern Territories territorial dispute, this project paid special attention to the ideology of the Ainu movement, the challenge it posed to the dominant discourse on the Northern Territories and its discursive relationship with the contemporary debates on Russia in Japan. In the case of Russia, this project focused on the years in the immediate aftermath of the Russian revolution. It examined the dominant identity discourses that evolved around the notions of nation, race, class, capitalism and socialism and examined the Russian perceptions of Japan and China in relation to these discursive formations. Unlike other works on Pil'niak's travelogues from Japan, this research traces his impressions not to the Orientalistic difference between the two but to the similarity between Pil'niak vision on Russian national identity and Japan. Furthermore, this part of the project shows that, taken individually, hardly any of Pil'niak's ideas can be considered original if compared to the debates about the Far East in general and Japan in particular in pre-Revolutionary Russia. The uniqueness of Pil'niak's narrative, however, lies in the narrative taken as a whole. Namely, it is unique in its flexibility of moving from one taxonomy to another, from Marxist categories to racialist dichotomies of East and West. Less