Establishing viviparid gastropods as Cenozoic continental environmental archive; with case studies on Oligocene SE-Asian initial icehouse weather, on climate variability during the Plio-Pleistocene transition in Central Asia, and on genetic and environmen

除了全新世晚期的树木气候学途径外，可用于推断高分辨率、多年或季节性气候和天气信号的新生代古环境大陆档案很少。胎生腹足动物在研究过去的环境方面具有很高的潜力。除南美洲和南极洲外，所有大陆的河流和湖泊系统都有物种栖息。自始新世以来，该群的多样性很强。尽管大多数新生代贝壳，特别是贝壳亚科的贝壳，具有特征，包括龙骨、肋骨和棘等特征，但由于缺乏早期个体发生壳的数据和考虑（古）环境的明确形态分析，分类和生态分配往往很困难。因此，早期个体发生壳将被sem详细记录，晚期个体发生壳将被3d分形几何研究。环境对贝壳雕塑的影响将使用物理化学形态计量学方法进行测试。一个特别的焦点（案例研究）将放在壳可塑性与基因表达的关系。胎生腹足类动物相对较大，因此可以在一周甚至更短的时间内进行稳定同位素研究的年代亚采样。另外两个案例研究将涉及古天气模式：a)东南亚渐新世初始（季风？）冰窖气候和天气条件；b)中亚上新世-更新世冰窖向冰期过渡期间气候和天气模式的变化以及动物的转变。

Cenozoic palaeo-environmental continental archives which can be used to infer high-resolution, multi-annual to intra-seasonal climate and weather signals are scarce, with some exception of Late Holocene dendroclimatological avenues. Viviparid gastropods have been identified by us to have a high potential to study past environments. Species inhabit fluvial and lacustrine systems of all continents except for South America and Antarctica. Since the Eocene the group has diversified strongly. Although most Cenozoic shells, particularly of the subfamily Bellamyinae, are characteristic, including features such as keels, ribs and spines, taxonomical and thus ecological assignment is often difficult, especially due to the lack of early ontogenetic shell data and unambiguous morphotype analyses considering (palaeo-) environmental settings. Thus early ontogenetic shells will be SEM-documented in detail and late ontogenetic shells will be studied by 3D-fractal-geometry. The influence of the environment on shell sculpture will be tested using a physicochemical-morphometric approach. A special focus (case study) will be put on relating shell plasticity with gene expression. Viviparid gastropods are comparatively large and thus allow sclerochronological sub-sampling for stable isotope studies in a resolution of a week or even less. Two further case studies will address palaeo-weather patterns: a) Oligocene initial (monsoonal?) icehouse climate and weather conditions in Southeast Asia and b) changing climate and weather patterns and faunal shifts during the Plio-Pleistocene icehouse to ice age transition in Central Asia.