Universal design for adaptive handles for adjustment to specific operating scenarios – New effective principles enabled by additive manufacturing

优化人机界面，支持用户，增加用户舒适度。这方面的一个很好的例子是传统的静态句柄，它仍然代表了对各种用户和操作场景的折衷。这是由于其不可改变的形状，这意味着它只能最佳地用于特定的应用和少数操作人员。根据用户的人体测量和操作场景，开发和实现具有情景、连续形状适应的自适应手柄需要考虑多种不同的要求和边界条件。这需要人机工程学和工程设计学科之间的跨学科合作。一方面，缺少针对具体人体测量和操作场景需要改变的设计参数的描述。另一方面，在技术上实现所需的自适应性方面缺乏合适有效的原则。增材制造（AM）扩展了已建立的传统制造工艺的设计自由度，从而为实现自适应性意义上的连续形状变化开辟了新的设计可能性。增材制造的一个优点是可以将不同的材料组合在一个部件中，而不需要额外的连接过程。增材制造在实现自适应手柄设计方面的潜力尚未得到探索。因此，本研究项目旨在研究和实现一种基于am特异性有效原理的自适应处理。这种方法是由人体工程学或工业设计工程学和工程设计学科之间的密切互动促进的。与试验人员进行的经验研究是确定自适应手柄的最佳设计参数：结构、形状和表面的基础。利用实证研究来确定相关的设计参数，这些参数必须在通用设计方面具有适应性。在此基础上，对可变形状结构实现的am特异性有效原理进行了系统的识别、评价和实验研究。在测试人员研究中，通过增材制造原型来检验和保证可用性。具有不同人体测量和身体缺陷的人的参与是研究的一个中心方面。主观访谈以及表面压力的测量被用作自适应手柄设计适用性评估的参数。因此，AM有效原则在实现自适应产品设计方面的潜力可以通过手柄的例子进行评估和验证。

Optimal human-machine interfaces support the user and increase the user comfort. A good example of this is a conventional static handle, which still represents a compromise for various users and operating scenarios. This is due to its unchangeable shape, which means that it can only be used optimally for a specific application and few operators.The development and realization of an adaptive handle with situational, continuous shape adaptation, depending on the user anthropometry and the operating scenario, requires the consideration of a multitude of different requirements and boundary conditions. This requires interdisciplinary collaboration between the disciplines of ergonomics and engineering design. On the one hand, a description of the design parameters to be varied for specific anthropometry and operating scenarios is missing. On the other hand, there is a lack of suitable effective principles for the technical realization of the required adaptivity. Additive manufacturing (AM) extends the design freedom of established conventional manufacturing processes and thus opens up new design possibilities for the realization of continuous shape changes in the sense of adaptivity. An advantage of AM is the possibility of combining different materials in one component without the need for an additional joining process. The potential of AM with regard to the realization of an adaptive handle design has not yet been explored.Therefore, this research project aims to investigate and realize an adaptive handle using AM-specific effective principles. This approach is facilitated by a close interaction between the disciplines of ergonomics or industrial design engineering and engineering design. The conduction of empirical studies with test persons is the basis for a determination of optimal design parameters for an adaptive handle: structure, shape and surface. Empirical studies are utilized to identify relevant design parameters, which have to be adaptive in terms of universal design. On this basis, a systematic identification, evaluation and experimental investigation of AM-specific effective principles for the realization of shape-variable structures is carried out. The usability is examined and ensured by means of additively manufactured prototypes in test person studies. The participation of persons with different anthropometry as well as physical impairments is a central aspect in the studies. Subjective interviews as well as a measurement of surface pressure are used as parameters for an evaluation of suitability of adaptive handle designs. Thus, the potential of AM effective principles with regard to a realization of adaptive product designs can be evaluated and validated using the example of handles.