Berlin on drugs. Heroin use in the „Mauerstadt“ between psychiatric reform and AIDS phobia in the 1970s and 1980s.

20世纪70年代初，海洛因成为西德国和西柏林的主要违禁药物。城市毒品和吸毒者引起了公众的关注，不仅显示了行政权力和法院的不堪重负，而且显示了正在经历深刻改革过程的精神病学及其概念和机构的过度紧张。该项目旨在确定和分析20世纪70年代和80年代社会如何看待海洛因问题和处理海洛因使用者的现象。它考虑到，与物质有关的成瘾不应被视为仅仅是一种病理生理事实，还考虑到还有法律的，社会和医学领域的紧张局势所造成的和决定的定义过程和基于利益的政策。精神病学的发展以及整个社会的发展（与"Pychiatrie-Enquete”和艾滋病毒/艾滋病的出现有关）将被列为这方面的相关影响因素，假设在药物的背景下，这两种现象在很大程度上有助于“侵蚀疯狂和正常之间的区别”，正如研究小组的提案所解释的那样。海洛因成瘾是一种不仅造成个人疾病和严重精神痛苦的现象。此外，这是一个社会问题，似乎有理由采取“特别”、有时值得怀疑的措施。从惩罚到接受海洛因使用的各种反应导致精神病学在解释和治疗吸毒成瘾方面失去了垄断地位，并导致毒品政策和与消费者打交道方面的多样化（和新的复杂性），这种多样化至今仍在产生影响。

AbstractAt the beginning of the 1970s, heroin became the dominant substance among banned drugs in West Germany and West Berlin. Urban drug scenes and junkies attracted public attention and revealed not only executive power and the courts to be overwhelmed, but also an overstrained psychiatry with its concepts and institutions, which was undergoing a profound reform process.The project aims to identify and analyze the phenomena that defined how society viewed the heroin problem and dealt with heroin users in the 1970s and 1980s. It takes into account that substance-related addiction should not be seen as a solely pathophysiological fact, but that there are also legal, social and medical fields of tension created and determined by definition processes and interest-based policies.The psychiatric developments as well as the overall societal developments (associated with the „Pychiatrie-Enquete“ and the emergence of HIV/AIDS) will be included as relevant influencing factors in this context, the assumption being that in the drug-context both phenomena largely contributed to „eroding the difference between crazy and normal“ as explained in the research group’s proposal. Heroin addiction was a phenomenon that not only caused individual illness and heavy mental distress. It was furthermore a societal problem that seemed to justify „extra-ordinary", sometimes questionable, measures. Reactions ranging between penalization and acceptance of heroin use led to the loss of the psychiatric monopoly when it came to the interpretation and treatment of drug addiction and to a diversification (and a new complexity) in drug policy and in dealing with consumers, a diversification that continues to have an effect to this day.