“Women in de-ranged Realities” – Discourses and practices in managing “insanity” in the West German Women’s Health Movement from the 1970s to the 1990s

这个分项目（SP）使用性别历史的方法，调查正常和疯狂的指导差异的侵蚀。其目的是一方面分析在妇女健康运动中如何对待和处理精神失常者的形象，另一方面研究在1990年代期间照顾有心理危机或精神失常者的女权主义者的职业自我理解的转变。1970年代中期，第一批妇女保健中心和女权主义治疗中心在西德国成立。在这个项目中，我们将在哥廷根市进行一项微观历史研究，因为在这所小大学里出现了大量的女权主义项目，这些项目专门针对处于心理危机中的妇女，哥廷根的妇女也在全国范围内活跃在女权主义治疗领域。妇女健康运动的倡导者对社会和精神病学领域都持坚决的批评态度，将妇女的病理化和精神化解释为父权社会结构的表现。因此，我们在这个研究项目中的第一个问题是什么替代概念的“精神错乱”和治疗的主角的妇女健康运动的发展。我们有兴趣探讨的重叠和差异相比，反精神病运动，在何种程度上的妇女健康运动的讨论和实践创造了不同的概念上的“正常”或“疯狂”。使用个案研究的个人倡议和主角，我们将分析所产生的紧张局势的妇女和他们的同时therapeutization打算去病态化。该项目的第二个方面是调查1990年代女权主义项目充满冲突的专业化情况，以及这些项目中的主角的自我理解，这些项目从妇女自助中心转变为咨询办公室，雇用训练有素的顾问和治疗师。第三，我们会问，在女性主义治疗的背景下，建立了什么形式的替代知识或“反知识”，在这个反空间中，性别是如何被概念化的，与#理智有关，以及产生了什么样的包容和排斥。SP在FOR中增加了争论性的元素（1）女性主义对社会和精神病学的批评，以及（2）自我赋权的概念，女性主义治疗和自助背景下的主体化。

Using a gender historical approach, this subproject (SP) investigates the erosion of the guiding difference of normal and insane. Its aim is to analyse on the one hand how the figure of the in#sane was approached and handled in the Women’s Health Movement and on the other hand to examine shifts in the professional self-understanding of feminist protagonists who cared for people with psychological crises or disorders during the 1990s. In the middle of the 1970s the first health centres for women and feminist therapy centres were founded in West Germany. In this project we will conduct a micro-historic study in the city of Göttingen because in this small university a large number of feminist projects emerged, which were specifically aimed at women in psychological crises, and Göttingen’s women also became active nationwide in the field of feminist therapy. The protagonists of the Women’s Health Movement were decidedly critical of both society and the field of psychiatry, interpreting the pathologization and psychiatrization of women as an expression of patriarchal social structures. Hence, our first question in this research project is what alternative concepts to “insanity” and therapy the protagonists of the Women’s Health Movement developed. We are interested in exploring the overlaps and differences in comparison to the anti-psychiatric movement and to what extent the discussions and practices of the Women’s Health Movement created alternative concepts on the difference of “normal” or “insane”. Using case studies of individual initiatives and protagonists we will analyse the tension arising out of the intended depathologization of women and their simultaneous therapeutization. The second aspect of the project is the investigation of the conflict-ridden professionalisation of feminist projects during the 1990s and the self-understanding of the protagonists in these projects that transformed from Women’s Self-Help Centres into Consulting Offices that employed trained consultants and therapists. Thirdly, we will ask what form of alternative knowledge or “counter-knowledge” was established within the context of feminist therapy, how gender was conceptualised in this counter-space with respect to the in#sane, and what inclusions and exclusions were produced.The SP adds to argumentative elements into the FOR (1) feminist critique of society and psychiatry, and (2) concepts of self-empowerment, subjectivisation in the context of feminist therapy and self-help.