Effects of fungicide reduction on biodiversity in vineyards (PIWIDiv)

农药是全球生物多样性丧失的主要驱动因素。农业对生物多样性负有特殊责任，葡萄园是管理最集中的农业生态系统之一。尽管葡萄藤只种植在德国1%的农业面积上，但它却获得了33%的杀菌剂用量。除了使用杀菌剂的致病真菌外，非目标生物，如土壤真菌、弹尾虫（弹尾虫）和蜘蛛（蜘蛛目）也可能受到影响。这些生物代表了葡萄园土壤中功能生物多样性的重要组成部分。它们参与了许多生态系统服务，如营养循环（腐殖真菌，弹线虫），葡萄菌根（丛枝菌根真菌，AMF）或自然害虫控制（蜘蛛目）。除了有机农业，种植抗真菌葡萄品种（PIWI, Pilzwiderstandsfähige Rebsorten）是一种很有前途的替代方法，可以大量使用农用化学品，节省高达90%的杀菌剂。PIWIDiv项目旨在评估在常规和有机葡萄栽培中，与传统品种相比，PIWI品种减少农药喷洒对土壤生物多样性的影响。PIWIDiv的结果将揭示抗真菌品种如何为可持续农业做出贡献。

Pesticides are a main driver of global biodiversity loss. Agriculture has a special responsibility for biodiversity and vineyards are among the most intensively managed agroecosystems. Although grapevine is grown on only 1% of the agricultural area in Germany, it receives 33% of all fungicide applications. Beside pathogenic fungi against which fungicides are applied, non-target organisms such as soil fungi, springtails (Collembola) and spiders (Araneae) could be affected. These organisms represent an important fraction of the functional biodiversity in and on vineyard soils. They are involved in numerous ecosystem services like nutrient cycling (saprobic fungi, Collembola), mycorrhiza with grapevine (arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, AMF), or natural pest control (Araneae). Besides organic farming, the cultivation of fungus-resistant grape varieties (PIWI, Pilzwiderstandsfähige Rebsorten) is a promising alternative approach to the intensive use of agrochemicals with savings up to 90% of fungicides. The proposed project PIWIDiv aims to evaluate the impact of reduced pesticide spraying in PIWI varieties compared to traditional varieties in both conventional and organic viticulture on soil biodiversity. The results of PIWIDiv will reveal how fungus-resistant cultivars can contribute to sustainable agriculture.