Invited mobilization? Interest organizations, experts, and lawmaking in the German parliament

该项目将通过利益集团在德国联邦议院委员会听证会上的游说，研究其对法律的影响。它试图回答以下问题：哪些利益集团在议会中有代表，哪些利益集团在德国联邦立法中得到什么。本项目的基本猜想是：利益组织和专家在议会委员会听证会上提供的信息对政府法案的内容产生影响。为了解决与本研究课题相关的研究空白、争议和歧义，该项目将研究2019/20年度提交的50项政府法案的立法游说。它将利益集团视为理性行为者，并研究他们在议会舞台上与政策制定者的资源交换，它建立在研究单元的三个理论基石之上。它将它们与从议会委员会的研究中得出的见解联系起来，该研究发展了关于委员会工作的三种主要视角：信息视角、分配视角和党派视角。该项目将从三个方面研究利益集团对联邦法律的影响：(1)它将建立利益集团在其获得偏好方面的成功。(2)通过“文件转置”（ADD、Delete、Substitute）算法，衡量国会的法案变更量。(3)分析利益集团的动员和立场与法案合规成本的关系。为了深入了解听证会、利益集团、专家、议会政党的政策发言人及其领导人与法案通过的相关性，该项目将对德国联邦议院信息系统DIP（文件与信息系统<e:1> <e:1> r Parlamentarische Vorgänge）及其委员会网站上公开提供的信息进行编码。它还将依赖于对负责处理50个法案的议会政党发言人的半标准化采访。总而言之，该项目将增强我们对议会立法游说的了解，将利益集团研究与其他政治学领域联系起来，并为建立德国立法游说的数据基础设施做出贡献。

The project shall study the impact of interest groups on laws through their lobbying in committee hearings of the German Bundestag. It seeks to answer the questions which interest groups are represented in parliament and which interest groups get what in German federal legislation. The basic conjecture of this project is: The information provided by interest organizations and experts in parliamentary committee hearings has an impact on the content of government bills.To address the research gaps, controversies, and ambiguities associated with this research subject, the project will study legislative lobbying on 50 goverment bills submitted in 2019/20. Conceiving of interest groups as rational actors and studying their resource exchanges with policy-makers in the parliamentary arena, it builds on the three theoretical building blocks of the research unit. It connects them to insights derived in the study of parliamentary committees that has developed three major perspectives on committee work: the informational, the distributive, and the partisan perspective. The project will study the impact of interest groups on federal laws in three ways: (1) It will establish the success of interest groups in terms of their attainment of preferences. (2) It will measure the amount of bill changes in parliament through the DocuToads (Document Transpose Or ADD, Delete, Substitute) algorithm. (3) It will analyse the association of interest group mobilization and positions with the compliance costs of bills. To obtain insights into the relevance of hearings, interest groups, experts, the parliamentary parties' policy spokespersons and their leaders for the passage of a bill, the project will code information that is publicly available in the German Bundestag's information system DIP (Dokumentations- und Informationssystem für Parlamentarische Vorgänge) and on its committees' websites. It will also rely on semi-standardised interviews with the parliamentary parties' spokespersons who were put in charge of handling the fifty bills. In sum, the project shall enhance our knowledge about legislative lobbying in parliament, link interest group studies closer to other political science areas, and contribute to building a data infrastructure on legislative lobbying in Germany.