Observations of Cloud Convections and Inertio-Gravity Waves

这项为期三年的研究的目的是根据在日本、泰国和印度尼西亚的观测和收集的数据，研究可能的对流、惯性重力波及其相互作用。为了获得高分辨率的风和温度的垂直剖面，安装了一台便携式GPS雷达系统。在Shigaraki等雷达站点同时进行的雷达雷达观测分离了时间和空间变化。日本和印尼的Serpong和Kootabang。此外，还收集了日本、泰国和印度尼西亚的业务雷达探空仪数据，并使用JMA和NOAA的客观分析数据进行了比较。所有的观测数据都进行了气候学分析。定量地得到了波动参数和对流活动随季节、海拔高度(纬度、经度)的变化规律。和背景气象参数(随天气尺度扰动和季风环流而变化)。从技术上讲，探空仪观测是一种有用的惯性重力波方法，尽管风的波动幅度有所减弱。将这一技术应用于业务雷达资料，我们发现，日本东部地形诱发的波在冬季平流层低层产生最大惯性重力波，以及与对流层相关的日变化和年际变化。对对流云活动和惯性重力波活动进行了研究，并对它们在百牛季进行了比较。在热带地区，周期为几天到十天的波浪与降水对流云之间存在着相关性。在日本和热带地区，重力波活动、对流云活动与背景风和温度之间的相关性也在准两年的时间尺度上得到了确认。

The objective of this three-year research is to study could convections, inertio-gravity waves and their interactions, based on observations and data collections in Japan, Thailand and Indonesia.In order to obtain high-resolution vertical profiles of wind and temperataure, a transportable GPS rawinsonde system has been installed. Time and spatial variations have been separated by simultaneous rawinsonde-radar observations at radar sites such as Shigaraki. Japan and Serpong and Kototabang Indonesia. Furthermore, operational rawinsonde data in Japan, Thailand and Indonesia have been collected, and objective analysis data by JMA and NOAA haver been used for comparison. All the observational data have been analized climatologically. Wave parameters and convection activities have been obtained quantitatively as functions of season, altitude, (latitude, longitude.) and background meteorological parameters (varied with synoptic-scale disturbances and monsoon circulations).Technologically, we have established the rawinsonde observations as a useful method for inertiogravity waves although the wind fluctuation amplitude is somewhat attenuated. Applying this technique to operational rawinsonde data, we have found that waves induced by orography of eastern Japan produce a maximum of inertio-gravity waves in the lower stratosphere in winter, and day-to-day and interannual variations associated with those of troposphere. Convective cloud activities and inertio-gravity wave activities have been studied and compared with each other also for Baiu season. In tropics, correlations between waves with periods of a few days to about ten days and precipitating convective clouds have been found. Correlations between gravity-wave activity, convective cloud activity and background wind and temperature have been recognized also in a quasi-biennial time-scale both in Japan and tropics.