Reseach in relation to the work of the married women and their personal networks.

本研究的目的是澄清城市化程度如何影响已婚妇女的工作，个人网络如何帮助已婚妇女决定如何工作或是否可以继续工作，家务责任或使用托儿所服务的可能性等其他情况对她们保留工作的决定有多大影响。基于这些研究目的，我们于2003学年（2003年9月）在福冈市（西区除外）和德岛市进行了一项调查，向每个地方的2,200名样本（30-49岁，女性）邮寄了一份问卷。问卷中询问女性是否已婚，已婚女性是否有工作，已婚女性的个人网络体系如何，夫妻之间如何分担家务。我们在福冈市和德岛市分别收到了754份和874份有效答复。在2004学年，我们分析了这些数据。分析的主要发现（详情见“研究结果报告”）是：在德岛市，有孩子的已婚妇女工作的人数增加了。也就是说，城市化程度越低，有工作的母亲越多。有工作的母亲比例，福冈为68.0%，德岛为74.3%，差异显著。(2)在这一发现中，我们确信Douglas-Arisawa规则是有效的。(3)促使德岛市已婚妇女就业的因素是社会流动性小，三代同堂的家庭较多。(4)其他影响因素为提供托儿服务的亲属网络更为发达。(这些（3)(4)意味着与父母同住和拥有更多的亲属网络会促进家庭主妇就业。）国立大学毕业的女性比私立大学毕业的女性有更多的工作。

The aim of this research is to clarify how degrees of urbanism affect the married women's work, how the personal networks can help married women decide how to work or if they can continue working or not, how much effect other circumstances like housework responsibility or possibility of using nursery services have on their decision of keeping their jobs.1.With these aims of research, we conducted a survey at the academic year 2003(September 2003) in Fukuoka City (except Nishi-Ku) and Tokushima City, mailing a questionnaire to 2,200 samples (Age 30-49,women) in each place. Whether a woman is married or not, a married woman has a job or not, the married women's individual network system is like and how the household duties are shared between the couple are asked in the questionnaire. We have received 754 valid answers in Fukuoka City and 874 in Tokushima City.2.In the academic year 2004,we analyzed the data. The major findings from the analysis, whose details are described in ‘A Report on Research Results', are ;(1)In Tokushima City, more married women who have children work. That is, the lower the degree of urbanism is, the bigger the number of mothers with having jobs is. The ratio of mothers having jobs is 68.0% for Fukuoka and 74.3% for Tokushima, and the difference was significant.(2)In this finding, we are convinced that the rule of Douglas-Arisawa works. (High income of spouses prevents housewives from having jobs)(3)The factors enabling the married women in Tokushima City to work are there is less social movement and there are many 3-generation-families.(4)Other factors are that kin networks which can provide nursery services are more developed there.(These((3)(4)) mean that living with couples' parent(s) and having more kin networks promote housewives to having jobs.)(5)More women who have graduated from national universities have job than those who have graduated from private universities.