Social historical and cultural research on school custom, event and courtesy of Japan -The view of Modern school reform based in 100 years of school diaries, instruction records, and materials left in communities.

本研究探讨日本社区与学校的历史关系。从社会学的角度来思考这个问题，我们特别关注两个方面。一个是TOYO'OKA地区，即田岛地区的中心，传统工业在这里蓬勃发展。另一个是OHARAI地区，这里发展了自己作为渔村的传统。在两个案例研究中，我们在方法论上非常重视省级工业和社区生活的发展、普通民众的生活史和全国性学校制度的发展，它们对上述地区的学校活动产生了影响。在TOYO’oka的案例研究中，包括“TOYO’oka小学”，我们主要从事地方历史、学校仪式、学校教师形成、教育实践等基础研究。在包括“奥哈拉第一初中”的案例研究中，我们首先关注渔业的兴衰对渔业文化与学校文化的互动和关系的影响，然后澄清两种文化之间的冲突，以及学校教师对此的反应。本研究以“学校习俗、事件和仪式”为重点，展示了社区与学校之间的基本互动，以及其动态不会因法律改革而轻易改变。

This study examines the historical relationship between community and school in Japan. To think the matter from sociological perspective, we focus especially on two areas. One is the TOYO'OKA area, i.e. the center of TAJIMA region, in which traditional industry have flourished. The other is the OHARAI area, which have developed own tradition as a fisher town. In two case studies we attach methodologically much importance to the development of provincial industry and community life, the life history of ordinary people and the development of nation-wide school system, which affect school activities of the above mentioned areas.In the case study of TOYO'OKA, including the "TOYO'OKA elementary school", we are engaged in such fundamental research as local history, school ceremony and ritual, formation of school teachers, and educational practices.In the case study of OHARAI, including the "OHARAI 1st junior high school", at first we focus on the rise and fall of fishery which affect the interaction and relationship between fishing culture and school culture, and then we clarify the conflict between two cultures, and the response of school teachers to it.Focusing on "school customs, events, and rituals", this study showed fundamental interactions between community and school, and its dynamics which do not change easily by legal reformations.