Comparison of Competitiveness between Manufacturing Industry in Urban area and that of Country area

通过对工业统计数据的分析发现，日本所有的市镇和乡村都可以划分为6类，即城市工业集聚、中间产业集聚、县域工业集聚、城市地区未集聚、中部地区未集聚、农村地区未集聚，每一类实际上代表了所属城市的产业结构。根据统计分析，6类之间在生产率、工资水平等指标上存在较大差异。农村地区的工业生产率较低，但工资水平也较低。我们认为，可以通过这种方式抵消每个类别之间的竞争力。通过对各直辖市地方政府官员进行问卷调查，发现各行业在企业管理方式和竞争力特征上各有不同的特点。以城市为基地的中小制造企业在技术、营销等方面具有较强的实力。相反，农村地区的产业竞争力虽然实力较弱，但在各方面都得到了当地社区的大力支持。我们对几家公司或知识分子进行了访谈研究，以探索当地产业竞争力与当地社会状况的相关性。一些地区的特点在一定程度上影响着该地区企业的管理水平和竞争力。A.促进区域工业的政治措施往往是有效的，如果在政治措施中仔细考虑了充分利用当地的特点的话。

We found a fact that all municipalities including towns and villages in Japan can be divided into 6 category, these were urban-industry accumulated, middle-industry accumulated, country area-industry accumulated, urban area-not accumulated, middle area-not accumulated, country area -not accumulated, by analyzing Industrial statistics, and each category actually represents the industrial structure of the municipalities which is included in such category.According to statistic analysis, there are considerable differences among 6 category in some indexes such as productivity, wage level etc. Productivity of industry located in country area are considerably low, but wage level are also low. We considered that Competitiveness among each category can be offset in such manner. Further, we made clear that how the industry in each category have been coping with competition against other category, judging from the change of indexes showing performances.We executed questionnaire survey to local government official of all municipalities and found out that category has different characteristics each other in the manner of corporate management and the features of competitiveness. Small and middle sized manufacturing firms based on urban area have strength in technology, marketing. On the contrary, those in country area have poor strength though, they are well supported by local community in various aspects.We made interview studies for several companies or intellectual persons to explore correlations between industrial competitiveness and social situation of local area. Characteristics of some local area influences management and competitiveness of firms located in such area to some extent. A. political measures to promote regional industry tend to be effective, in case putting characteristics of the local area in good use is carefully considered within political measures.