Development of intrauterine endoscopic surgical tools at early stage during pregnancy

胎儿和胚胎手术正在从开放的胎儿手术转向胎儿内窥镜手术。本研究开发了几种用于妊娠早期宫腔内手术的内窥镜手术工具，如用于观察胎儿和胚胎的超声内窥镜、微型激光扫描工具和聚焦超声探头作为治疗工具。为了实现子宫内的精确激光治疗，开发了一种二维(二维)激光扫描显微工具。该工具由光纤、微棒透镜和二维微扫描仪组成。二维微扫描仪有三个压电单晶片悬臂梁。镜子由底部的枢轴支撑，并通过向下推镜子顶部的三个悬臂来倾斜。证实了KTP激光器100微米直径光斑的扫描。为了将工具插入到传统内窥镜的工作通道中，这些组件被包装到3.8 mm外径的聚合物管中。作为超声工具，研制了直径为3 mm的凸形8环阵列超声成像仪和凹形超声换能器。成像仪的每个传感器都可以检测到水中铝板的回波信号。将测试胎儿/胚胎中组织的成像。研制了直径为6 mm的超声治疗仪，并确定了超声功率的产生以用于治疗。

Surgery of fetus and embryo is being shifted from open fetal surgery to fetoscopic procedure. In this research, several endoscopic surgical tools have been developed for intrauterine endoscopic surgery at early stage during pregnancy, for example, ultrasonic endoscope for observation of fetus and embryo, micro laser scanning tool and focused ultrasonic probe as treatment tools.For precise laser treatment in uterus, a 2D (two dimensional) laser scanning micro tool has been developed. The tool is made up of an optical fiber, a micro rod lens and a 2D microscanner. The 2D microscanner has three piezoelectric unimorph cantilevers. The mirror is supported by a pivot from underside and is inclined by pushing down by three cantilevers on the top of the mirror. Scanning of 100-um-diameter spot of KTP laser was confirmed. For insertion the tool into a working channel of a conventional endoscope, these components are packaged into a 3.8-mm-external-diameter polymer tube. As ultrasonic tools, convex-shaped 8 ring array ultrasonic imager of 3-mm-diameter and concave-shaped ultrasonic transducer for ultrasonic treatment have been developed. Each transducer of the imager can detect echo signal from an aluminum board in water. Imaging of tissue in the fetus / embryo will be tested. A 6-mm-diameter ultrasonic treatment tool has been fabricated and power generation of ultrasound at intensity for treatment was confirmed.