Study on the stone materials and their deterioration in the Khmer monuments in Cambodia and Thailand

本文对柬埔寨、泰国、老挝等国9 ~ 13世纪修建的高棉古迹所使用的石材<th><th>及其老化情况进行了调查。砂岩、红土和砖被用于古迹，但本研究的重点是砂岩，以柬埔寨高棉古迹（通常称为吴哥古迹）为例，研究砂岩和红土块体的磁化率、层面形状和方向等特征随时间的变化。在此基础上，阐述了纪念碑的建造过程。特别是Prasat Suor普拉，其建造时间一直未知，根据石块的特征和从内壁灰泥中发现的木炭碎片和放在墙壁间隙中的土壤的放射性碳年龄，可以得出结论，它是在吴哥窟时期建造的。 ...更多信息 盐风化是高棉古迹中砂岩块体退化的重要原因之一。两种类型的盐风化观察。一种是在建筑物内部观察到的，与硫酸盐和磷酸盐的结晶有关，另一种是在构成岩石型平台的砂岩块表面观察到的，与碳酸钙的结晶有关。通过锶和硫的稳定同位素分析，阐明了盐风化作用的物质来源。对泰国和老挝的高棉古迹，分别进行了古迹所用砂岩的描述和古迹周围的地质调查，以了解其来源。结果表明，这些纪念碑所用砂岩受周围地质条件的控制。少

The stone materials used for the Khmer monuments, which are widely distributed in Cambodia, Thailand and Laos and were constructed from the 9^<th> to 13^<th> century, and their deterioration were investigated in this study. Sandstone, laterite and brick were used for the monuments, but the focus was put on the sandstone in this study.For the Khmer monuments in Cambodia (generally called the Angkor monuments), the change with times of the characteristics of the sandstone and laterite blocks such as the magnetic susceptibility, shape and orientation of a bedding plane was investigated. Based on the result, construction process of the monuments was elucidated. Especially Prasat Suor Prat, whose construction period has been unknown, was concluded to have been constructed during the Angkor Wat period based on the characteristics of the stone blocks and the radioactive carbon age for the charcoal fragments found from the stucco on the inner wall and the soil put in the interstices of the lat … More erite blocks.The salt weathering is one of the important causes of the deterioration of the sandstone blocks in the Khmer monuments. Two types of salt weathering are observed. One is observed in the inside of the buildings and is related to the crystallization of sulfates and phosphates, and another is observed on the surface of the sandstone blocks constituting the pyramid-type platform and is related to the crystallization of calcium carbonate. The stable isotope analyses of strontium and sulfur were carried out in order to clarify the source materials for the salt weathering. As a result, bat guano for the former and rainwater and sandstone for the latter are considered as the source materials, respectively.For the Khmer monuments in Thailand and Laos, the description of the sandstones used for the monuments and the geological survey around the monuments were carried out in order to know the provenance. As a result, it is elucidated that the sandstones used for the monuments was controlled by the surrounding geology. Less