Koordinierungsprokjekt

所要求的DFG研究小组“暴力的军事文化”旨在填补军事史学术和暴力研究方面的一个重要空白：引入“暴力的军事文化”的概念，旨在系统地描述和解释欧洲正规武装部队有时非常不同的暴力行为，这些行为在当代评估中被视为非法。这些行为已经在许多个别研究中记录在案，尽管尚未按时间和地理范围记录在案，也未作为更广泛的合作和比较项目的一部分。“军事暴力文化”被定义为属于一个国家或类似国家的实体的集体军事暴力代理人成员的暴力行为，以及相关的解释性归属和话语。该研究小组调查了从现代早期到第二次世界大战结束期间，欧洲大国正规军中暴力文化的发展方式和程度。在分项目的框架内，将试图通过同步和历时研究查明不断变化的军事暴力文化，确定其决定因素，并将其重要性及其对各正规暴力行为人的军事暴力行为的解释价值分类。这里学术兴趣的焦点是被同时代人认为在战争与和平时期都是非法的身体暴力，因此，暴力的合法性和非法性的标准不断变化的问题及其转变的条件将被反复提出。

The requested DFG Research Group ‘Military Cultures of Violence’ aims to fill an important gap in both scholarship on military history and research on violence: the introduction of the concept of ‘military cultures of violence’ is designed to allow for the systematic description and explanation of sometimes very divergent acts of violence on the part of regular European armed forces that were viewed in contemporary assessments as illegitimate. Such acts are already documented in numerous individual studies, though as yet neither on this chronological and geographical scale nor as part of a wider collaborative and comparative project. ‘Military cultures of violence’ are defined as the violent practices proceeding from members of a collective military agent of violence belonging to a state or a state-like entity, and the associated interpretative ascriptions and discourses. The research group investigates in which ways and to what extent specific military cultures of violence developed in the regular armies of the European great powers from the early modern period to the end of the Second World War. In the framework of the sub-projects, an attempt will be made to identify in synchronous and diachronic studies the military cultures of violence subjected to continual transformation, map out their determining factors, and classify their significance and their explanatory value for military acts of violence on the part of the respective regular agents of violence. The focus of scholarly interest here is physical violence regarded by contemporaries as illegitimate in times of both war and peace, for which reason the question of the changing yardsticks of legitimacy and illegitimacy of violence and conditions for their transformation will be repeatedly posed.