Secondary Electron Spray Ionization Interface and high resolution mass spectrometer

二次电喷雾电离质谱（SESI-MS）能够对气体样品中的有机化合物进行真实的时间分析，灵敏度在pmol/L范围内。与通常采用的技术（例如PTR-MS、SIFT-MS）相比，SESI-MS也适用于具有几百道尔顿的分子量的化合物。通过仪器的高分辨率，可方便地识别单一化合物和复杂混合物。基于呼吸研究的现有专业知识，将获得新的基础知识，因为可以确定迄今为止无法分析的化合物。这些结果将为创新的非侵入性诊断和疾病监测提供独特的潜力。正在进行的治疗控制和优化机械通气的调查将继续和扩大通过新的仪器。除了已经建立的关于监测机械通气患者的研究活动之外，还将开展许多合作项目：扩大我们在儿童中的研究，我们将收集更多关于慢性肾脏疾病代谢适应和儿科糖尿病代谢后遗症的知识。与创伤科医生和骨科医生合作，通过无创呼吸分析评估绝经后妇女（> 50岁）的骨代谢。关节移植物的不良反应及其与生物体的相互作用将在研究生院内进行非侵入性研究。在测力挑战下的研究将继续和扩展，因为可以评估新的化合物类别。挥发性呼吸生物标志物可以反映与能量产生和燃料消耗有关的代谢过程。此外，缺氧的影响可以在呼吸中看到。通过这种方式，可以无创地评估训练的功效，并且可以及时识别缺氧或缺血的风险。干细胞的分化可以通过细胞培养物中的顶空分析来监测。在这种情况下，我们需要新的仪器来确定新类别的化合物（例如氨基酸）是否可以用作干细胞监测中的生物标志物。上呼吸道中的病毒感染促进继发性细菌感染，这可能对患者的结果产生相当大的影响。关于流感病毒和继发性细菌感染的重要因子如S. pneumoniae、S. suis，S.化脓链球菌和S.将在体外和体内评估金黄色葡萄球菌。将在猪中进行体内研究，因为它们代表流感感染的天然“混合容器”。迄今为止取得的有希望的结果将通过新物质的研究结果得到扩展。这些研究的结果将建立一个全面的数据库。从这些数据中，可以获得关于呼吸生物标志物的有价值的基本信息，促进其用于各种疾病（感染、代谢）的非侵入性和快速诊断和治疗控制。

Secondary-Electrospray-Ionization-Mass Spectrometry (SESI-MS) enables real time analysis of organic compounds from gaseous samples with sensitivity in the pmol/L range. In contrast to commonly employed technologies (e.g. PTR-MS, SIFT-MS) SESI-MS is also applicable to compounds having molecular masses of several hundred Daltons. Identification of single compounds and complex mixtures is facilitated through the high resolution of the instrument. Based upon the existing expertise in breath research, novel fundamental knowledge will be acquired as chemical compounds can be determined which could not be analyzed up to now. These results will provide unique potential for innovative non-invasive diagnostics and disease monitoring. Ongoing investigations on therapy control and optimization of mechanical ventilation will be continued and enlarged by means of the new instrument. Beyond the already established research activities concerning monitoring of mechanically ventilated patients, numerous cooperation projects will be undertaken:Enlarging our studies in children we will gather enhanced knowledge on metabolic adaptation in chronic kidney disease and on metabolic sequelae of paediatric diabetes. In cooperation with traumatologists and orthopaedics, bone metabolism of postmenopausal women (> 50y) will be assessed by means of non-invasive breath analysis. Adverse effects of joint grafts and their interaction with the organism will be investigated non-invasively within a graduate school. Studies under ergometric challenge will be continued and extended, as new classes of compounds can be assessed. Volatile breath biomarkers can mirror metabolic processes linked to energy production and fuel consumption. In addition, effects of hypoxia may be seen in breath. In this way, efficacy of training can be evaluated non-invasively and risks of hypoxia or ischemia can be recognized in time. Differentiation of stem cells can be monitored by means of headspace analysis in cell cultures. In this context, we need the new instrument to find out whether new classes of chemical compounds (e.g. amino acids) could be used as biomarkers in stem cell monitoring. Viral infections in the upper airways facilitate secondary bacterial infections which may considerably impact onto patients‘ outcome. Pathogenetic aspects concerning influenza virus and important agents of secondary bacterial infections such as S. pneumoniae, S. suis, S. pyogenes and S. aureus will be assessed in vitro and in vivo. In vivo studies will be undertaken in pigs, as they represent the natural „mixing vessel“ of influenza infections. Promising results obtained so far will be expanded through results from new substances.Results from these studies will establish a comprehensive database. From this data valuable and fundamental information on breath biomarkers can be obtained fostering their use for non-invasive and fast diagnosis of various diseases (infection, metabolism) and therapy control.