Characterization of Constituents of Soluble Microbial Products in Wastewatar Treatment Processes

研究了安装在堆肥反应器内部的生物滤池对氨、胺类化合物等恶臭物质的控制作用。应用分子生物技术的新工具，列举了生物滤池中生长的氨氧化细菌和硫氧化细菌。在模型堆肥反应器试验中，生物滤池的氨氧化活性达到0.9 mg-N/cm3/d，氨氧化器和亚硝酸盐氧化器的氨氧化活性分别为109个/mL-生物滤池。16S rDNA克隆分析表明，生物滤池中的优势氨氧化菌为亚硝化单胞菌。然而，安装在以餐厅垃圾为原料的堆肥反应器中的生物滤池的氨氧化活性较低。当时，硝化菌的细胞数量保持在107个细胞/毫升以下。生物滤池中的高温对有气味的复合降解菌的生长有抑制作用。PCR-DGGE方法表明，泰国盐杆菌和硫单胞菌在堆肥中释放的硫化物的氧化过程中起着关键作用。

A biofilter that installs in the inside of composting reactor was investigated for controlling odorous substances, such as ammonia and amine compounds. Ammonia oxidizing bacteria and sulfur oxidizing bacteria grew in the biofilter was enumerated by applying new tools of molecular biotechnology. In model composting reactor experiment, the biofiter achieved to 0.9 mg-N/cm^3/d in ammonia oxidation activities, while ammonia oxidizer and nitrite oxidizer contained 10^9 cells/mL-biofilter, respectively. 16S rDNA cloning analysis revealed that dominant ammonia oxidizer in the biofilter was Nitrosomonas oligotropha. However the biofilter installed in composting reactor fed with garbages from a dining room had low ammonia oxidation activities. At that time Nitrifiers kept their cell number less than 10^7 cells/mL. High temperature in biofilter inhibited the growth of odorous compound degrading bacteria. PCR-DGGE methods suggested thai Halothiobacillus and Thiomonas play a key role in the oxidation of sulfur compounds released from the composts.