Comparative Studies of Ancestor Worship in Japan and China

本文论述了安祖仪式的不同举行方式，重点介绍了中国和日本的习俗。每一位研究者的作用和成果如下：通过对《诗经》及其对日本影响的分析，得出结论：日本祭祖习俗的起源与中国有关。中村和本从日本先人祭祀习俗的转变和观念向尸骨的转变的角度，揭示了柔道强化的宗教信仰与舍利信仰信仰者的尸骨纯洁观的融合。中村康弘在《丧葬佛教》的确立过程中，展示了丧葬祭祖理论和儒家的灵魂观念已经被接受。内井康成把祭祀祖先的习俗作为一种伦理功能，考虑到生死观的变化，在当今社会的背景下讨论了生死问题，如在核心家庭时代或社会儿童人口减少的时代维护家族陵墓的问题、器官移植和安乐死问题。木村直弘透露，祭祖仪式中对金属敲击声的强调与中国的雷神崇拜密切相关。另一方面，木皮鼓的声音在日本很受欢迎。小阪幸弘聚焦于小说家群体--《第三新面孔》，展现了日本现当代文学中所表现出的先人观点。

This paper deals with the different ways ceremonies are held to appease the spirits of ancestors, focusing on customs of China and Japan. The role and results of each researcher is as follows : Toshihiro Yabu concluded that the origin of the custom of holding ceremonies for one's ancestors in Japan relates to that of China, through the analysis of "Shijing" and its influence on Japan. Kazumoto Nakamura revealed the fusion of strengthening religious beliefs in Jodo-shu and the concept of purity of bones of the body by the believers in Shari-belief, from the perspective of the shift in Japanese customs of ceremonies for their ancestors and the shift in concept toward the bones of the dead body. Yasuhiro Nakamura showed that theory of funeral and ancestor worships and the concept of soul in Confucianism had been accepted while 'Funeral Buddhism' was being established. Kosei Usami discussed life and death in the context of current society, such as problems of maintaining a family tomb in the age of the nuclear family or the age of decreasing population of children in society, organ transplantation, and mercy killing, by regarding customs of holding ceremonies for ancestors as an ethical function, taking into consideration the changes in the views toward life and death. Naohiro Kimura revealed that the emphasis on the sounds of metal percussion in ceremonies for ancestors is closely tied to Thunder God worships in China. On the other hand, sounds of wood-and-skin drums are favored in Japan. Yukihiro Nosaka focused on the group of novelists, named "Dai-san-no Shinjin (the Third New Face)," and presented the view of one's ancestors as displayed in the modern and contemporary Japanese literature.