BASIC STUDY ON IMPROVEMENT OF ANIMAL PRODUCTION IN INDONESIA -IMPROVEMENT FOR MINERAL BUTRITION IN SAMALL RUMINANT-

本试验通过对巴东地区及周边地区土壤、天然牧草和血液中矿物质含量的变化进行调查，以明确制约印尼西苏门答腊岛小反刍动物生产的制约因素，得到以下结果：1)巴东及其周边地区的土壤氮、磷含量相对较低，可供植物生长的有机质含量也较低。在巴东及其周围采集的天然牧草的营养含量中，没有明确的低于动物正常生长所需的临界水平。然而，天然牧草的铁含量明显高于世界上其他热带和/或亚热带的含量。牧草中的S含量也很高，推测该地区对铜的吸收较低。在巴东及周边地区饲养的山羊血液中，铁的含量被认为是高的，属于相当超标的水平。部分地区采集的山羊血中铜、锰含量低于正常值范围。在血硒水平上，有相当大的效价，然后，在旱季，约40%的受试动物血硒水平不足，约24%的受试动物血硒水平超标。血浆中钙、S、锌、铜、钼、钴的含量在两个季节有显著差异。从饲粮中添加豆科树叶的效果来看，生长仔猪的日增重明显提高，粗蛋白和粗纤维的消化率有所提高。这些发现清楚地表明，有效利用当地饲料资源将有助于提高该地区的动物产量。这些发现将有助于制定饲养系统，以提高世界热带地区的动物产量。

In the present experiment, the changes in mineral contents of soil, natural forages and blood of goats in and around Padang were investigated to clarify the constraint factors in animal production, in particular small ruminants in West Sumatra, Indonesia during consecutive 3 year, and the following results were obtained.1). The soils sampled in and around Padang were relatively low in the contents of nitrogen and phosphorus, and also thought to be poor in organic matter available for plant growth.2). In the nutrient contents of natural forages collected in and around Padang, there were no clear levels below critical level required for normal animal growth. However, Fe content in natural forages was clearly higher than that in other tropics and/or sub-tropics in the world. The S content in the forages was also quite high, and then a possibility was suggested that there would be low absorption of Cu in this area.3). In the mineral concentrations of blood of goats raised in and around Padang, Fe level is thought to be high, being rather excess level. The plasma levels of Cu and Mn in goat' blood collected in some areas were lower than the range suggested as normal level. In blood Se level, there was a quite big valiance, and then, in dry season the level in about 40 % of total animals subjected was deficient, and that in about 24 % of total animals subjected was excess. The plasma levels of Ca, S, Zn, Cu, Mo and Co were significantly different in the 2 seasons.4). From the results obtained in the feeding diets supplemented with legume tree leaves, there was obvious improvement in daily gain of growing kids due to increase in digestibility of crude protein and crude fiber. These findings clearly suggest that an efficient utilization of local feed resources would fairly contribute to improve an animal production in this area.These findings would contribute to make feeding systems for improving animal production in tropical areas in the world.