Biological and Chemistry in Adaptation of Highland Plants

Drs。立教大学的T. Takada、K. Hieda和R. Hanai于1999年8月在西藏东部进行了实地考察。不断,Drs。C. Kuroda和J. Suhara分别于2000年和2001年8月在云南地区进行了栽培。研究了开花植物的调查、紫外线强度的测定、大麦的微量稀土元素的采集、苔藓植物对环境变化的适应以及不同柳属植物的化学成分。从这些田野调查中，我们发现了以下事实：用ICP-MS法测定了大麦样品中的Ti、V、Zn、W、Au、Pb和稀土元素。结果表明，茎和须中微量金属元素含量高于种子。结果还表明，西藏大麦样品中稀土金属的含量要高得多（含量最高）。： Ce 1.05 μg/g，含量最低。（种子中dy0.05 μg/g）高于日本。在大部分路线上观察到的一种植物是海燕，其中有几种被发现。在海拔较高、气候干燥和寒冷的地区，发现了植物体积较小但花较大的物种，随着迁徙的进行，向西移动。观察到典型的寒冷地区的形态。例如，在Saussarea和Ajuga物种中观察到“温室”形态。此外，还发现了许多具有“缓冲”形态的物种。在云南北部（昆明附近）鉴定到一个新的等位基因为“y型”，而在云南南部鉴定到一个新的s型等位基因。研究结果表明，日本的日本血吸虫主要起源于滇南地区。在云南北部（丽健、大理、昆明、昭通和大观）的植物样品中，rbcL等位基因均为y型。结果表明，兰肯草和alatipes的主要成分分别为eremophilan-7(11)-en-8-one（化合物1）和bakkenolide A（化合物3）。从龙葵中分离得到主要成分为苯并呋喃衍生物（化合物4）。结果表明，锦鸡儿培养细胞对萜类化合物的烯丙基氧化具有较好的生物催化作用。少

Drs. T. Takada, K. Hieda, and R. Hanai, all from Rikkyo University, carried out a field work at East Tibet in August, 1999. Continuously, Drs. C. Kuroda and J. Suhara botanized at Yunnan areas in August, 2000 and 2001. A survey of floweing plants, measurment of UV intensity, collection of barley for analysis of trace rare-earth elements, adaptation of bryophytes to environmental chenges, and the chemical components of various Ligularia spceies were studied.It was found from these field works to draw the following facts :1. Elements determined were Ti, V, Zn, W, Au, Pb, and rare earth elements in barley samples by ICP-MS method. The results showed increasing concentration of trace metal elements in stems and whisker than seeds. The results are also presented that the Tibetan barley samples contained much higher levels of rare earth metals (the highest conc. : Ce 1.05 μg/g, the lowest conc. : Dy 0.05 μg/g in seeds) than that of Japan.2. A plant observed on most of the route was Delphiniu … More m, of which several species were found. Species with smaller plant sizes but with larger flowers were found in regions with larger elevation and drier and chiller climate, as the trip proceeded, westward.3. Morphologies typical of cold regions were observed. For instance, the "green-house" morphology was observed for Saussarea and Ajuga species. Many species with the "cushion" morphology were also observed.4. A new allele, designated as "Y-type", was identified in north Yunnan (near Kunming), on the other hand, samples in south Yunnan had the S-type allele. The results seem to indicate that C. japonicum in Japan mostly originated in south Yunnan. The plant in north Yunnan (Lijian, Dali, Kunming, Zhaotong, and Daguan) was identified that the rbcL allele of all the samples was the Y-type.5. It was found that the main component of L. lankongensis and L. alatipes are eremophilan-7(11)-en-8-one(compound 1) and bakkenolide A(compound 3), respectively. While benzofuran derivative (compound 4) was isolated from L. longihastata as the major component.6. It was found that the plant cultured cells of Caragana chamlagu are more effective as biocatalyzer for allylic oxidation of terpenoids. Less