Systematic studies of Aristolochia sensu lato

通过形态和分子系统发育分析，建立了马兜铃属(Pararistolochia Sensu Lato)的系统发育关系。标本馆标本在日本有代表性的草本植物以及英国皇家植物园和爱丁堡植物园进行了检验。保存在东京大学植物园和Setsunan大学的活体标本用于染色体观察和分子系统发育分析。新测定了25个种的染色体数目，表明2n=32是亚属特有的。西非西亚。由于2n=16存在于基枝中的一些物种中，2n=32根据x=8亚基被认为是四倍体。马兜铃由两个亚群组成，2n=12和14。经聚合酶链式反应扩增后，用自动测序仪分析叶绿体DNA上matK基因的核苷酸序列。根据matK基因的序列数据，构建了该属57种的系统发育树。该树的配置与Gonzalez(1999)的现行马兜铃系统一致。Pararistolochia似乎是亚属的姐妹群。马兜铃。为了分析日本和台湾地区日本和台湾地区日本山羊茅复合体的特殊多样性，还利用matK基因序列对该复合体的不同样本进行了单倍型和系统发育分析。单倍型被认为是区域分化的，而广泛分布于日本中西部的日本山茶不是单系种系。

Morphological and molecular phylogenetic examinations were made to establish a phylogenetic systematics of the genus Aristolochia sensu lato, including Pararistolochia. Herbarium specimens were examined in representative herbaria in Japan and also in Kew and Edinburgh Botanic Gardens. Living specimens, accumulated and maintained in the Botanical Gardens, University of Tokyo and in Setsunan University were used for chromosome observation and molecular phylogenetic analysis. Chromosome numbers were newly determined for 25 species, which suggests that 2n = 32 is specific to subgen. Siphisia. As 2n = 16 was found in some species placed in the basal clade, 2n = 32 is considered to be tetraploid based on x = 8. Subgen. Aristolochia consists of two subgroups with 2n =12 and 14, respectively. The nucreotide sequences of the matK gene on the chloroplast DNA were analyzed with an autosequencer afrter amplified with PCR. A phylogenetic tree for 57 species of the genus was constracted on the bases of the sequence data of the matK gene. The configulation of the tree was in accordance with current system of Aristolochia by Gonzalez (1999). Pararistolochia appeared to be a sister group of subgen. Aristolochia. To analyze specific diversity of A. kaempferi complex in Japan and Taiwan, haplotype and phylogenetic analysis usisng matK gene sequence were also made on various samples of the complex. Haplotypes were recognized to be differentiated regionally and A. kaempferi, distributed widely in central and western Japan, were found not to be monophyletic.