Physiological mechanisms controlling sink abortion in legume crops

分析了豆科作物库败育的生理机制.总状花序内结荚概率和细胞分裂素含量的变化进行了研究。GC-MS和酶免疫测定法鉴定的总状花序中细胞分裂素的量在总状花序上第一次开花后一到两周达到峰值，此时豆荚发育开始。在单个总状花序中，细胞分裂素的总量在更基部的花位上更大，这与结荚的概率有关。因此，结荚率与总状花序内不同花位的细胞分裂素含量显著相关.分析了有机物料和石膏对根形成和根系细胞分裂素产生的影响。连续施用石膏促进大豆根系的扩展和根瘤的形成。施用石膏和有机物料的植株根系分泌物中异戊烯基腺嘌呤含量有较高的趋势.研究了生长调节剂菲加伦对豆科作物结荚的影响。大豆和花生总状花序上施用菲加隆，主要是由于促进了晚开花的开花，从而提高了籽粒产量。这些结果表明，开放的花朵的发展是由激素，特别是细胞分裂素，根际是影响生产能力的细胞分裂素在根中的重要因素。

Physiological mechanisms controlling sink abortion in legume crops were analyzed.1. Intra-raceme variation in pod-set probability and cytokinin content was investigated. The amount of cytokinins in racemes that were identified by GC-MS and enzyme immunoassay peaked one to two weeks after the first flowering on a raceme, when pod development was initiated. Within individual racemes, the total amount of cytokinins were greater at more basal floral positions, as the probability of pod set. Thus, pod-set probability was significantly associated with the cytokinin contents at different floral positions within individual racemes.2. Effects of organic materials and gypsum on root formation and cytokinin production in the root system were analyzed. A continuous application of gypsum enhances expansion of root system and nodule formation in soybean. Contents of isopentenyl-adenin in the root exudate tended to be higher in the plants which were applied gypsum and organic materials.3. Effects of a growth regulator, figaron, on pod formation of legume crops were studied. Figaron application on racemes increased grain yield of soybeen and peanut, mainly due to enhancing abscission of lately opened flowers. The same effects were not observed in aduki bean.These results indicate that development of opened flowers is regulated by hormones, particularly by cytokinins, and that rhizosphere is an important factor affecting the production capacity of cytokinins in the root.