The study about maternity health policy in Modern China

本研究试图找出一个社会条件，使计划生育政策在中国目前正在进行。本文着重研究了20世纪50年代的上海，通过对上海的研究，阐明了以下几点：20世纪50年代，由于多元化的“生育革命”的推进，妇女的生育条件发生了很大的变化。第一次生育革命是“现代助产学”的推广，其结果是孕产妇死亡率和婴儿死亡率下降。其次，分娩地点从家里改为医院。第三，人口政策的启动，政府为妇女提供了避孕、堕胎和绝育等节育措施。20世纪50年代的上海，人口政策和生育保健政策对妇女生殖健康水平的提高起到了促进作用。同时，也意味着国家对个体的干预开始。同时也为上海市的计划生育政策的成功奠定了基础。

This study attempt to identify how a social condition, that enabling the family planning policy being done in China now. And this study is emphatically researched the situation of Shanghai in 1950's.As s result of the study, the following was clarified. In 1950's, the conditions of childbirth for women were greatly changed because in that time pluralistic "birth revolution" was progressed. The birth revolution is, the first, "the modern midwifery" was generalized and the results were the maternal mortality rate and infant mortality rate were decreased. Secondly, the place of childbirth changed from home to hospital. And the third, the population policy was started so birth control with contraception, abortion, and sterilization were contributed for women by administration. Subjective women who do or don't choose to birth has been molded through these process.Shanghai in 1950's, the population policy and the maternity health policy has contributed to improvement of women's reproductive health. As the same time, it means beginning of intervention to the individual body by nation. Also it prepared the substratum to success of coercively family planning policy especially in Shanghai.