Nations and States in the Irish Sea World of the 11^<th> to 13^<th> Century

作为这项研究的结果，我已经明确了“国家地址”，即宪章“题字”末尾的国家名称。诺曼征服后不久，这种称呼就出现在英格兰地区，后来又出现在苏格兰地区。基本上，它是“弗朗西斯和英国人”，也就是说，法国人和英国人，但它有地方变化。它出现在主教的宪章比国王的。它在十二世纪后半叶消失了。以前我认为消失的原因之一是法语和英语的同化，这是正确的。但一些例外的情况，如达勒姆主教的宪章表明，从“中心”到“边缘”的写作格式的传播也是关键点。我将对此作进一步的探讨。我还根据原始资料，对中世纪的“人与岛屿的王国”和爱尔兰海洋世界的权力斗争进行了明确的概述。最后，我考虑了关于历史的基本结构和中世纪研究的意义的争论，包括我自己的研究，在现代世界。

As the result of this research, I have made clear about the 'nation addresses', that is, the names of the nations at the end of the 'inscriptio' of the charters. This kind of address appeared soon after the Norman Conquest in the English realm, and afterwards, in the Scottish. Basically it was 'Francis et Anglis', that is, to the French and the English, but it had local variations. It appeared less in the bishops' charters than the kings'. It disappeared in the second half of the twelfth century. Previously I supposed that one reason for the disappearance would be the assimilation of the French and the English, and this would be right. But some exceptional cases like the charters of the bishops of Durham suggest that the spread of the writing format from the 'center' to 'peripheries' is also the key point. I am going to examine that further.I also made clear the outline of the medieval 'realm of Man and the Isles' and power struggles on the Irish sea world, based on the primary sources,.Lastly I considered the arguments on the basic structure of history and the meaning of medieval studies, including my own research, in the modern world.