Protestant Network of Communications in Early Modern Europe

这项研究的目的是探索17世纪和18世纪的新教通信网络，该网络在一定程度上与信仰共和国重叠，连接了从立陶宛和特兰西瓦尼亚到英格兰和爱尔兰的不同地区，并将英格兰的一些自愿协会，如SPCK，置于全欧洲新教改革的背景下。对维尔纽斯(立陶宛)、纳波卡(罗马尼亚)、哥本哈根(丹麦)、日内瓦、纽哈特尔(瑞士)、莱顿、阿姆斯特丹(荷兰)、托雷·佩利斯(意大利)、阿尔马、伦敦和牛津(英国)的档案研究表明，定期向受到罗马天主教反改革威胁的新教少数派提供财政支持，并计划在整个时期在欧洲建立一个从军事层面到教会层面的新教联盟。由此可见，自16世纪末以来与罗马天主教的长期斗争在许多英国人的“理性时代”中仍在继续。如果这不一定能被描述为一场公开的宗教战争，那至少是一场冷战。从他们的观点来看，欧洲大陆上痛苦的新教徒，如瓦尔登斯人和立陶宛加尔文主义者，在这场战争中站在了前线。这项研究的一部分已经发表在《SPCK在18世纪初捍卫欧洲新教少数派》，《教会史杂志》，剑桥大学出版社，2005年11月，第56卷，第4期。

The purpose of this research is to explore the Protestant correspondence network of the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries which, overlapping to some extent the Republic of Letters, linked various regions, from Lithuania and Transylvania to England and Ireland, and to place some voluntary associations in England, such as the SPCK, in the context of the European-wide Protestant Reformation. The research in the archives at Vilnius (Lithuania), Nagyenyed, Cluj Napoca (Rumania), Copenhagen (Denmark), Geneva, Neuchatel (Switzerland), Leiden, Amsterdam (The Netherlands), Torre Pellice (Italy), Armagh, London and Oxford (Great Britain) reveals that financial support was regularly offered to the Protestant minorities threatened by the Roman Catholic counter-reformation, and plans for a Protestant union in Europe, from a military level to an ecclesiastical one, existed throughout the period. Thus we see that a long battle against Roman Catholicism since the late sixteenth century still continued in the 'Age of Reason' for many Englishmen. If this cannot necessarily be described as an open war of religion, it was at least a cold war. From their point of views, the distressed Protestants on the continent, such as the Waldensians and the Lithuanian Calvinists, stood on the front line in this war.Part of this research has already been presented in 'The SPCK in defence of Protestant minorities in early eighteenth century Europe', Journal of Ecclesiastical History, Cambridge University Press, November 2005, vol. 56, no. 4.