Study on technology trade and research and development

我在以下三个方面发表了7篇研究论文(两篇发表在英文参考期刊上，一篇发表在国外出版的书中)。第一个研究领域是关于技术贸易或许可的实证研究。我已经阐明了交叉许可合同在类似规模的大公司中盛行的原因。我还表明，知识产权的专有性和范围等合同特征以及专利保护作为一种适用性机制的强度等技术特征可以显著解释高使用费合同的频率。我还研究了研究工具合同的特点，发现排他性条款和高额特许权使用费都较少出现，事后许可涉及排他性的频率较低。第二个研究领域是支持技术标准的专利池联盟的形成。我已经分析了为什么…很难更多拥有必要专利的公司在事后自由谈判，使用顺序联盟形成的理论框架，并结合MPEG2、DVD和3G标准的经验检验其影响。我还指出了对兰德(合理和非歧视性)条件的澄清，以及在标准制定阶段加入联营时引入的事先承诺。第三个研究领域是在研究和开发中使用先验知识。我已经证明，以科学联系的强度衡量的科学知识的使用，在专利授权的数量和质量方面显著提高了研发绩效。我还表明，在永无止境的研发竞争的背景下，豁免围绕主题进行改进或发明的研究在经济上是有意义的，而对先锋发明的激励最好是通过其在产品市场上的广泛主张来提供。较少

I have made public 7 research papers (two papers in the English refereed journals and one paper in a Book published abroad) in the following three areas. The first research area is empirical study on technology trade or licensing. I have clarified the reasons why cross licensing contracts are prevalent among large firms with similar size. I have also shown that the contract characteristics such as exclusivity and the scope of intellectual property rights as well as the technology characteristics such as the strength of patent protection as an appropriability mechanism can significantly account for the frequency of high royalty contracts. I have also examined the characteristics of research tool contracts, showing that both exclusivity provisions and high royalty are less frequent and ex-post license involves exclusivity less frequently. The second research area is the coalition formation for the patent pool supporting a technical standard. I have analyzed why it would be difficult for … More the firms with essential patents to freely negotiate among themselves to develop a grand coalition ex-post, using the theoretical framework of sequential coalition formation and examined the implications in light of the experiences of MPEG2, DVD and 3G standards. I have also pointed out the clarification of RAND (reasonable and non-discriminatory) conditions and the introduction of the prior commitment in the participation in the pool at the stage of standard development. The third research area is the use of prior knowledge in research and development. I have shown that the use of scientific knowledge measured by the strength of scientific linkage significantly improves the R&D performance in terms of the number and quality of patents granted. I have also shown that exemption for research on improving or inventing-around the subject matter makes good economic sense in the context of perpetual R&D competition, and the incentive for pioneer invention could be best provided by the breadth of its claims in product market. Less