Fitness between Global Operation and Management

在日本各大企业中，以总公司为基地，对本国的客户保持以民族为中心的管理风格是很常见的。在对日本一般贸易公司和航运公司进行研究之后，本研究项目进一步研究了非制造企业的国际化管理。国际航空公司的海外分支办事处似乎有多种国籍，而日本航空公司的分支办事处的总经理大多是日本国籍。国际航空公司的业务有许多相似之处，本研究通过对日本50家航空公司总经理的问卷调查和对日本两家主要航空公司美国业务负责人及其总部人力资源管理人员的访谈，分析了日本航空公司国际化经营的现状，并对日本航空公司的国际化经营现状进行了分析。分析了总公司人员与当地人员的全球化经营与管理的适应性，结果表明，民族中心管理风格不仅是日本企业所特有的，而且在外国航空公司中也很常见。然而，日本航空公司对日本旅客的严重依赖，形成了只对日本人服务、运营和组织管理的局面。

It is commonly seen among major Japanese companies that they maintain ethno-centric management style based in their head offices for customers in their home countries. Followed by the study on Japanese general trading firms and shipping companies, international management of non-manufacturing firms is further researched in this study project.Overseas branch offices of international airlines appear to have a diverse set of nationalities while Japanese airlines assign mostly Japanese nationalities to general managers of branch offices.While international airlines have many similarities in their businesses, the reason of diversity of nationalities would give us precious material for further insight on the international management of Japanese firms.With questionnaires to General Managers of 50 airlines which locate offices in Japan and interview to the head of U.S. operation of two leading Japanese airlines and their HRM managers in head offices, fitness between global operation and management by head office personnel of local personnel was analyzed.It turned out that ethno-centric management style is not only peculiar with Japanese firms but also common in foreign airlines. However, Japanese airlines' heavy dependency on Japanese passengers form service, operation and management of organization only for Japanese.