Life course of peasants and mechanism of the stem family in early modern Japan

本研究考察了18、19世纪农民的生命历程和小农家庭的运作机制。在这项研究中，我们使用日本东北部（6个村庄）的Shumon Aratame Cho（SAC）。起初，我们也打算使用日本中部（6个村庄）作为历史资料。然而，我们只能实际制作日本东北部的数据库。因为我们花了大量的时间在数据库的制作上。为了给今后的研究工作做一个有效的数据库，我们对爱足山地区的历史资料进行了分析。研究结果表明：对哈梅尔和拉斯莱特模型进行了修正，称之为“修正的哈梅尔和拉斯莱特模型”，并将其用于农户结构的分类，准确地确定了主干家庭的户数。观察结果证明，家庭结构取决于社会阶层。地主阶级在形成主干家庭的循环中所占的比例很高。另一方面，非地主阶层的地位较低。根据本研究的结果，可以说干户是德川后期会津山区农民社会的典型家庭结构。但是，这一假设只适用于属于地主阶级的农户，不适用于非地主农户。

This study examines the life course of peasants and mechanism of the stem family households in the 18th and 19th centuries. For this study, we use the Shumon Aratame Cho (SAC) of Tohoku Japan(6 villages). At first, we were going to use center Japanas(6 villages) as historical materials, too. However, we were able only to have actually made the data base of Tohoku Japan. Because we have spent a great amount of time on the data base making. We want to do an efficient data base making to the problem in the future.For such reasons, we analyzed the historical materials of Aizu mountainous district. The result of this study is brought as follows.The Hammel and Laslette model was modified, we called it "the modified Hammel and Laslette model", and adopted for the classification of household structure to determine accurately the number of stem family households. The result of the observation proved that the household structure depended on social class. The landowning class had a high ratio of the cycle that formed a stem family household. On the other hand, the non-landowning class had a low.As a result on this study, it can be said that stem family households were the typical household structure in peasant society of the Aizu mountainous district during the late Tokugawa Era. However, this assumption is true only for peasant households belonging to the landowning class, and it does not apply to non-landowning peasant households.