A comparative Study of News Changes after 9/11 in Leading TV News Programs in two Countries Japan and U.S. 2004

本研究考察了美国“9·11”恐怖袭击事件发生后，四大洲主要的全国性晚间新闻节目（BBC、CBS、Globo和NHK）的新闻内容变化和新闻风格差异。通过对四家电视台的编辑和主播的深入采访，我们发现，活动结束后，借助先进的传播技术，新闻来源更加多样化。还对2004年为期三周的四个新闻节目进行了内容分析。研究发现，尽管新闻报道相似，但报道风格在新闻来源、措辞和视角方面有所不同。许多先前的研究者提到，9/11事件后，新闻报道变得情绪化。但是，尽管哥伦比亚广播公司在9/11之后变得更加情绪化和民族主义，但这并没有发生在其他国家。我们的内容分析表明，四国的新闻节目都高度依赖政府新闻来源，尤其是国际新闻和外国新闻。同样的事件用不同的词来描述。通过使用这些词，国际冲突的框架改变了对事件的印象。每一个节目都非常关注国内新闻。由于国际新闻可以被认为是国外的国内新闻，哥伦比亚广播公司被认为是四家电视台中最面向国内的电视台。9/11等全球性事件影响了新闻制作过程中的新闻来源。至于报道的客观性，所有的研究问题都与此相关。客观报道在实践中通常强调澄清信息与记者意见之间的差异。但是，如果记者真的想在报道中做到客观，他们必须审视新闻制作的整个过程。

This study examines the changes in news contents and differences in news styles among leading nationwide evening news programs (BBC, CBS, Globo and NHK) in four continents after the September 11 terrorist attack in the U.S.. In-depth interviews with editors and anchors of the four stations revealed that a lager variety of news sources was gathered with advanced communication technology after the event. Content analysis of four news programs for a 3-week period in 2004 was also conducted. The study finds that despite similar news stories, reporting styles were different in terms of news sources, wording and perspective.Many previous researchers mentioned that journalism had become emotional after 9/11. However, although CBS became more emotional and nationalistic after 9/11, it did not happen in other countries. Our content analysis proved that all news programs in four countries highly depended on governmental news sources, especially for international news and foreign news. Same events were framed with different words. By using these words, framing for international conflicts changed the impressions of events. Every single program focused on domestic news very much. For international news can be considered as home news abroad, CBS is thought to be the most home oriented station among four. Global events such as 9/11 have influenced news making process regarding news source. However, news making policies might not be changed so much by such events.As for objectivity in reporting, all research questions are partly related to the issue. Objective reporting in practice has generally put emphasis on clarifying differences between information and the opinions of reporters. But if journalists really want to be objective in reporting, they must examine the whole process of news making.