Auger electrons emitted from hollow atoms in vacuum

1.我们利用几keV/uC 5+，N6+，O 7+离子与金属（Ni和Au）薄膜毛细管表面的相互作用产生了空心原子（离子）.通过测量（1）X射线与电荷态的符合测量和（2）高分辨软X射线，证实了空心原子（离子）是在真空中提取出来的。我们用零度电子能谱观测到真空中空心原子（离子）退激发过程中发射的俄歇电子。观察到的K俄歇光谱定性地显示出不同射弹的相同特征; C5+、N6+和O 7+。所观测的K俄歇谱定性地显示了不同金属箔材料的相同特征.在没有任何符合技术的情况下，我们从能量和寿命上确定了一个激发态（1 s2 s2 p4P），它是由真空中的空心原子衰变过程产生的.通过先前的X射线测量与电荷状态一致来预测所识别的状态。对于绝缘体材料，我们观察到了光束引导效应，这是由于毛细管内表面上的充电。即使在绝缘毛细管的束流引导条件下，也可以通过毛细管内表面的多电子捕获产生空心原子（离子）。

1. We have produced hollow atoms (ions) with the interaction between a few keV/u C5+, N6+, O7+ ions and surfaces of capillaries in a thin metallic (Ni and Au) foil.2. We have confirmed that the hollow atoms (ions) were extracted in vacuum by measuring (1) coincidence measurements between X-rays and charge states and (2) high resolution soft X-rays.3. We have observed Auger electrons emitted from the de-excitation processes of hollow atoms (ions) in vacuum by the zero-degree electron spectroscopy4. Observed K Auger spectra qualitatively show same features for different projectiles ; C5+, N6+, and 07+.5. Observed K Auger spectra qualitatively show same features for different materials of metallic foil.6. We have identified one excited state (1s2s2p 4P), which was produced by the decay processes of hollow atoms in vacuum, from its energy and lifetime without any coincidence technique.7. Identified state was predicted by the previous X-ray measurements in coincidence with charge states.8. With insulator materials, we observed a beam guiding effect, which was due to a charging up on the inner surface of capillaries.9. Even under the beam guiding conditions with the insulator capillary, the hollow atoms (ions) may be produced by the multi electron captures from the inner surface of the capillary.