Improvement of the Performance of Direct-Generation Type Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cells and Their Systemization

本研究以无重整器的直发式聚合物电解质燃料电池为研究对象，尝试将乙醇作为无害化液体燃料。在这种情况下，PEFC的发电量很低，因此研究了提高性能的措施。采用浇铸法制备的膜电极组件(MEA的原始制作方法)，通过直接提供乙醇水溶液的方法，测试了自制的膜电极组件的发电性能。结果表明，与其他传统制备方法制备的MEAs相比，其输出功率提高了约两倍。当采用由镍制成的多孔金属泡沫板作为扩散层时，即使在没有任何辅助设备的情况下，被动型PEFC的输出功率也增加了1.8倍。对质子交换膜燃料电池阳极侧流道中的反应产物进行了…分析更多的爱德。用气相色谱仪检测到了CO2，但没有检测到CO。用高效液相色谱仪检测副产物醋酸和乙醛。这些结果意味着乙醇被氧化成醋酸和乙醛，部分被氧化成二氧化碳。为了研究这些副产物的行为，在原有GTT方法的基础上建立了PEFC的三维数值分析模型，并对其内部流动进行了数值分析。在此基础上，利用粒子图像测速仪(PIV)进行了流动显示和流动分析。结果发现，蛇形流道是一种有效的副产物排放方式。作为一种氢燃料小型、轻质的PEFC，我们设计了一种新型的被动型小型圆柱形PEFC(名为“功率管”)，其比功率可达1300W/g。在氢燃料电池的情况下，电动汽车的电源输出能量密度高，但输出功率密度低。因此，采用由质子交换膜燃料电池和储电装置组成的混合系统是非常必要的。在本研究项目中，构建了一种由无源型PEFC和双电层电容器组成的混合动力系统，用于轻型电动汽车。为了控制这种混合系统，设计了一种新颖的时间分割方法(TSM)，它可以根据运行状态控制电机的供电比。作为电机的供电方式，对串联和并联两种方式进行了试验，结果表明TSM在这两种方式下都可以方便地控制电机功率。较少

In this research project, the direct-generation type PEFC (Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cell) without a reformer was taken as an object of investigation among various types of PEFCs, and it was attempted to use ethanol as innocuous liquid fuel. In this case, the power generation of the PEFC was low, and therefore measures to improve the performance were examined. The power generation performance of a self-made PEEC with MEAs (Membrane Electrode Assemblies) prepared by means of the Cast Method (original making method of MEA) was measured by supplying the ethanol aqueous solution directly. As a result, an increase of about two times in output power was attained in comparison with MEAs prepared by other conventional making methods. When porous metal foam plates made of nickel were used as diffusion layers, the PEFC output power became 1.8 times larger even in the case of passive-type PEFC without any auxiliary equipment. Reaction products in the anode-side flow passage of the PEFC were analyz … More ed. C0_2 was detected but CO was not detected by gas chromatograph. Acetic acid and acetaldehyde as by-products were detected by liquid chromatograph. These results mean that ethanol is oxidized to acetic acid and acetaldehyde, and partly to C0_2. For investigating the behavior of those by-products, a three-dimensional numerical analysis model for the PEFC was composed on the basis of the original GTT method, and the flow in the PEFC was numerically analyzed. Furthermore, the flow visualization and the flow analysis by the PIV (Particle Image Velocimetry) method were carried out. As a result, it has been found that a serpentine flow passage is effective in discharging such by-products.As a hydrogen-fuelled small-size and light-weight PEFC, an original passive-type small cylindrical PEFC (named "Power Tube") which can generate a specific power of 13OmW/g has been contrived. In the case of hydrogen-fuelled PEFCs, output energy density is high but output power density is low for the power source of an electric vehicle. Therefore, it is necessary to apply a hybrid system composed of PEFCs and electricity storage devices. In this research project, a hybrid system composed of passive-type PEFCs and electric double layer capacitors was constructed for a light-weight electric vehicle. For controlling this hybrid system, an original Time-Splitting Method (TSM) which can control the power supply ratio to the motor according to running states has been contrived. As power supply modes to the motor, series and parallel modes were tested, and it has been shown that TSM can easily control the motor power in both modes. Less