Seed dispersal by animals and colonization of broad-leaved trees into conifer plantations

食果鸟类将种子传播到雪松种植园。果树的种子落在母树树冠下和附近的地面上。因此，这些种子只在人工林边缘附近和与阔叶林交界的地区落下。然而，种子通过食果鸟类的果实传播到整个雪松种植园。野外普查和野外捕获鸟类粪便含量测定结果表明，褐耳球茎是研究林内最有前途的果树种子播种器。它们不仅在主要种子来源阔叶林中传播果树种子，而且在研究点周边地区将果树种子传播到人工林中。果食性鸟类在人工林中传播种子的分布格局部分取决于其往返于邻近阔叶林果树的路径。D .砂砾状分散的种子（橡子）更容易被砂砾状老鼠传播。在整个研究期间，在研究森林中，居住的啮齿动物阿波demus speciosus和a.a argenteus居住。部分常住鼠的活动范围既包括阔叶林，也包括雪松林，表明常住鼠通常利用这两种类型的森林作为栖息地。阔叶林优势树种杜鹃（Pasania edulis）的橡实掉落在母树冠层或周围。因此，在杉木人工林中，杉木橡子只在阔叶林的邻近区域掉落。落在板叶林地板上的橡子被老鼠运来贮藏起来。他们将森林地面上大约1/4到1/2的橡子运送到雪松种植园。贮藏橡子的间距与包含橡子释放站的常驻老鼠的家范围重叠。被老鼠贮藏起来的橡子中，有一部分直到第二年夏天才从老鼠的捕食中逃脱。啮齿动物在针叶树人工林中扮演着重要的角色。雪松人工林阔叶树幼苗和幼树的定植与成虫。杉木人工林共记录到阔叶树86种、幼苗17500余株。这些幼苗和树苗分布在整个雪松人工林中。但在人工林边缘及与阔叶林交界的区域密度较高。林内阔叶树幼苗和幼树的分布格局可能受到邻近阔叶林的制种（居种）、食性小鼠的橡实运输和食性鸟类的种子运输等因素的影响。少

Seed dispersal by frugivorous birds into the cedar plantation.The seeds of fruit-producing trees dropped to the ground just under and near the canopy of mother trees. Therefore, the dropping of these seeds was observed only in the area nearby the edge of the plantation and the border with the broad-leaved forest. However, the seeds were dispersed throughout the cedar plantation by feeding of fruits by frugivorous birds. The field census and the examination of contents of feces of captured birds in the field showed that the brown-eared bulbul was the most promising seed dispenser of fruit-producing trees in the study forest. They dispersed seeds of fruiting trees not only in the broad-leaved forest, the main seed source, but also in the surrounding areas of study site into the plantation. The distribution pattern of seeds dispersed by frugivorous birds in the plantation was partly determined by the pathway of the birds to and from the fruiting trees in the adjacent broad-leaved forest.D … More ispersal of gravelly-dispersed seeds (acorns) by granivorous mice.In the study forests, resident granivorous mice, Apodemus speciosus and A.argenteus, inhabits throughout the study period. The home ranges of some resident mice contained both the broad-leaved forest and the cedar plantation, suggesting that they usually utilize both types of forests as their habitat. Acorns of Pasania edulis, dominant tree species of the broad-leaved forest, dropped under the canopy or surrounding area of mother trees. Therefore, in the cedar plantation, P.edulis acorns dropped only in the adjacent areas to the broad-leaved forest. The acorns set on the floor of the board-leaved forest were transported and cached by the mice. They transported and cached about 1/4 to 1/2 of the acorns set on the forest floor into the cedar plantation. The spacing of cached acorns overlapped with the home ranges of resident mice that contained the release stations of the acorns. Same of the acorns cached by the mice escaped from predation by the mice till the next summer. Granivorous mice could play an important role in the colonization of tree species that produced gravelly-dispersed seeds into conifer plantations.Colonization into and establishment of seedlings and saplings of broad-leaved trees in the cedar plantation.In the cedar plantation, about 17,500 seedlings and saplings of 86 species of broad-leaved trees were recorded. These seedlings and saplings were distributed throughout the cedar plantation. But their density was higher in the area nearby the edge of the plantation and the border with the broad-leaved forest. The distribution patterns of seedlings and saplings of broad-leaved trees in the plantation might be affected by the seed production (masting) in the adjacent broad-leaved forest, acorn transportation by granivorous mice, and transportation of seeds by frugivorous birds into the plantation. Less