Analysis of methamphetamine-induced neurotoxicity in the striatum of autopsied brains

我们演示了在甲基苯丙胺（METH）用户中的核累积剂和多巴胺转运剂中的核累积剂和多巴胺在酪氨酸水解酶免疫活性中的分解，在甲基苯丙胺（METH）用户中，在甲基苯丙胺转运剂-2（VMAT 2）中没有明显差异。However，在两个METH用户的Nucleus累积中，VMAT 2的水平，是一个稳定的指标，是一个稳定的多巴胺终端完整性，被简化了。这些发现可能会表明，多巴胺末端分化是在某些甲基安非他明滥用者的结构中产生的。在另一边，我们观察到了一个小caspase·3个激活，一个凋亡的指标，在METH吸毒者的静态神经元中。总而言之，多巴胺终端标记者的发现与先前人类研究中的那些相似。因此，有人建议，免疫化学技术可以用于测试多巴胺终端标记水平，也可以提供有用的信息。 ... More n在与METH相关的死亡案例中使用慢性和/或最大的METH，在METH的毒性可能不会被毒性地证明。我们在慢性METH用户中发现了人类葡萄糖转运器-5阳性细胞的显著增加;如何，没有证明MHC II类阳性细胞的发现。GFAP-阳性星形细胞的增加，但不是明显的，而且体内表达很少被发现。这项研究演示了慢性甲基苯丙胺使用者中的微球和星形球的不足。However，我们对人类滥用者中中度胶质反应的观察是对慢性METH滥用和先前在METH滥用病理学中未被识别的胶质细胞作用的指标。因此，我们建议对发光反应的免疫性化学检测进行研究，并与多巴胺终端标记水平上的退化检测结合起来，将在METH相关死亡的案例中给出有用的信息。关于脑衍生神经因子免疫活性和线粒体DNA缺失在METH用户正在进行中的进一步研究。Less（低）

We demonstrated that decreases in tyrosine hydroxylase immunoreactivity in the nucleus accumbens and dopamine transporter in the nucleus accumbens and putamen were induced in methamphetamine (METH) users, whereas a significant difference of vesicular monoamine transporter-2 (VMAT2) was not evident between METH and control groups. However, in the nucleus accumbens of two METH users, levels of VMAT2, a stable marker of striatal dopaminergic terminal integrity, were reduced remarkably. These findings might indicate that dopaminergic terminal degeneration is induced in the striatum of some METH abusers. On the other hand, we observed little caspase・3 activation, indicative of apoptosis, in the striatal neurons of METH abusers. Overall, the findings of dopaminergic terminal markers were similar to those in the previous human study. Therefore, it is suggested that immunohistochemical techniques could be used to examine dopaminergic terminal marker levels and could also give useful informatio … More n on chronic and/or lethal METH use in cases of METH-related death, where METH intoxication may not be toxicologically demonstrated.We found significant increases in human glucose transporter-5-positive cells in chronic METH users; however, no proliferation of MHC class II-positive cells was found. GFAP-positive astrocytes increased, but not significantly, and vimentin expression was rarely observed. This study demonstrated a lack of microgliosis and astrogliosis in the striatum of chronic methamphetamine users. However, our observation of moderate glial reactions in human abusers is indicative of chronic METH abuse and suggests previously unrecognized roles of glial cells in the pathophysiology of METH abuse. Therefore, it is suggested that the immunohistochemical detection of glial reactions, together with the detection of decreases in dopaminergic terminal marker levels, would give useful information on METH abuse in cases of METH-related death.Further studies on brain-derived neurotrophic factor immunoreactivity and mitochondrial DNA deletion in the striatum of METH users are in progress. Less