The evolution of solar active regions towards flares and coronal mass ejections and the role of electric currents

该项目将研究活动区域的演变和产生耀斑和日冕物质抛射的复杂磁结构的发展，利用高质量的观测以及为数据分析和空间天气预测开发的技术和工具。在过去十年中，这些现象受到严格审查，主要有三个原因：(1)作为空间天气的主要驱动因素，它们可能对天基和地面基础设施产生潜在的严重后果，甚至影响以空间技术为基础的日常活动。他们的研究包含了我们太阳系中最具活力和戏剧性的影响，可以帮助我们了解太阳大气中的基本过程，进而也可以帮助我们了解其他恒星的基本过程。仪器和技术的最新进展使得利用太空仪器和最先进的地面望远镜对太阳进行持续监测成为可能。然而，关于电流的起源和发展仍然存在一些悬而未决的问题，这些问题涉及活跃区域的能量储存，以及那些将使我们能够区分安静，燃烧和爆发活跃区域的特征。在这些问题的推动下，该项目旨在不仅对基本过程有更深入的了解，而且对太阳爆发预测的实际方面也有贡献。

The project will study the evolution of active regions and the development of the complicated magnetic configurations that produce flares and coronal mass ejections, utilizing high-quality observations along with techniques and tools developed for data analysis and space weather prediction. During the past decade, these phenomena were under intense scrutiny, mainly for three reasons: (1) As the main drivers of space weather, they can have, potentially, severe consequences on space-borne and ground-based infrastructure, even affecting daily space-technology-based activities. (2) Comprising the most energetic and dramatic effects of our solar system, their study can help understand fundamental processes in the solar atmosphere and, by extension, in other stars as well. (3) Recent advances in instrumentation and techniques enabled constant monitoring of the Sun, with space-borne instruments and state-of-the-art, ground-based, telescopes. However, there are still open questions regarding the origin and development of the electric currents, which are involved in energy storage in active regions, and those characteristics that will allow us to differentiate between quiet, flaring, and eruptive active regions. Motivated by these questions, this project aims to contribute not only to a deeper understanding of fundamental processes but also to practical aspects of solar eruption prediction.