Nutritional assessment of artificial microdiets for larval fish and crustaceans

为了促进微配合饲料的开发，以真鲷幼鱼和牙鲆为试鱼，对微配合饲料的配制和营养评价进行了研究。首先，对微配合饲料的氮源和脂肪源进行了探索和研究，以期配制出在海水中稳定、营养成分均衡的高品质微配合饲料。结果表明，微配合饲料的营养成分主要为脂肪、氮、磷、磷、钾以大豆肽和鱼油钙皂（FOCS）为主要氮源和脂源，以玉米醇溶蛋白为粘合剂的MD（简称MBD）进行第一次饲养试验（研究A），（30日龄）和日本比目鱼（15日龄）与含有不同分子量的大豆肽、大豆蛋白分离物、FOCS、硬脂酰乳酸钙的几种MBD，可以在不使用任何活的食物如褶皱臂尾轮虫（Brachionus plicatilis）和卤虫无节幼体（Artemia nauplii）的情况下饲养这两种鱼。 ...更多信息 分子量约为1000 Da，FOCS作为两种鱼的氮和脂质来源具有高的膳食价值。在下一个饲养实验（研究B）中，使用第一次喂食进行与研究A中相似的喂食实验（5日龄）真鲷和日本比目鱼。这两种幼鱼在白天单独投喂MBD（如果少量的话）都获得了成功（对照组为1/10），以防止轮虫在夜间饥饿。最后，在C研究中，研究了饵料组成和投喂方式对真鲷和比目鱼的下沉速度、摄食量和生产性能的影响。两种鱼的饮食摄入量（15日龄）随饵料下沉速度和投喂频率的变化而变化，生长和存活率随饵料下沉速度和投喂频率的变化而变化。（5日龄）随所提供饲料的下沉速度而改变。从本研究的结果来看，建议除了营养素含量外，还应评估饲料的理化性质，以开发优质MD。少

In order to enhance the development of artificial microdiet(MD), MD were prepared and assessed nutritionally by using the larval red sea bream Pagrus major and Japanese flounder Paralichthys olivaceus as test fish.First, nitrogen and lipid sources were searched and investigated in order to make a high quality MD which is stable in sea water and contains nutritionally well-balanced nutrients.As a result, MD containing soybean peptides and fish oil calcium soap(FOCS)as the major nitrogen and lipid sources and zein as a binder(abbreviated as MBD)were found to fit to the purpose of the present study.First feeding experiment (study A)were conducted using red sea bream(30 days old)and Japanese flounder(15 days old)with several MBD containing soybean peptides with different, molecular weights, soybean protein isolate, FOCS, stearoyl calcium lactate, etc.It was possible to rear both the fish without using any live food such as rotifer Brachionus plicatilis and Artemia nauplii.Soybean peptides … More with molecular weights of about 1000 Da and FOCS had a high dietary value as nitrogen and lipid sources for both the fish.In the next feeding experiment(study B), feeding experiments similar to those in study A were conducted using the first feeding(5 days old)red sea bream and Japanese flounder.Both the larval fish were successfully reared by feeding the MBD alone during the daytimes if small amounts(1/10 of the live food, control)of the rotifer were provided only in the evening to prevent the starvation during the nighttime.Finally, study C was conducted to clarify the effects of diet composition and feeding methods on the sinking speed and intake of diet and performance of the red sea bream and Japanese flounder.The sinking speed varied with diet formulation, and the diet intake by the both fish(15 days old)changed with the sinking speed of diet and feeding frequency.Also, growth and survival of the flounder(5 days old)were altered with sinking speeds of diet provided.From the results of the present study, it is recommended to assess the physico-chemical properties of diet besides nutrient contents for the development of quality MD. Less