Studies on The Conditions of Using Uncultivated Farmland as Allotment

近年来，日本的农业政策从保障粮食生产力的角度出发，将未开垦农田的利用视为必要，非农业人口对土地分配的需求日益增长。本研究旨在揭示未开垦耕地分配的条件，并评价其对区域社会的有效性。首先，对未开垦耕地划拨活动进行问卷调查。据透露，大多数案例的开展目的是为了使城镇居民更加熟悉农业。同时，研究发现，利用未开垦的耕地进行划拨，需要考虑土地的规模、位置、是否进行土地复垦等条件。并建议考虑以下事项：1。虽然大多数案件是由地方当局或这些相关组织管理的，但这些机构希望，由于用户工作量过大，更多的是由用户来管理分配。活动的持续时间取决于所分配设施的质量以及使用者之间是否建立了良好的社会关系。其次，通过问卷调查的方式，明确兵库县小学学校农场的实际情况。校外耕地使用率约为40%，耕地规模不足500平方米。米占据了大部分。对学校农场的评价很高。在城市化地区，农地的保护是一个严肃的问题，另一方面，在针对农村地区小学的案例研究中，它极大地促进了学校农场的当地活动。这表明，学校农场可能会成为当地鼓励的开端。为减轻支持学校农场的农民的负担，制定机制是必要的。第三，对“纳纳哈纳-生态项目”进行调查，旨在通过公民参与发展农村舒适和可持续的能源循环，并阐明其有效的过程和制度。Nanohana的意思是强奸。本项目利用农田种植油菜，激活乡村旅游，生产生物燃料。通过对兵库县goshiki町的案例研究，发现了以下几点。该项目使农业用地的实际使用能够获得各种参与和筹资。项目从单一目标向多目标发展，促进和加强了农业领域的多重作用

Recently, Japanese agricultural policy regards the use of uncultivated farmland as necessary from the view of secure the food productivity and the non-farmers' demand for allotment grows increasingly. This study aimed at revealing the conditions that uncultivated farmland are used as allotment and evaluating its effectiveness on the regional societies.First, the questionnaire was conducted on the activities of using uncultivated farmland as allotment. It was revealed that most of the cases started their activities for the aim that urban residents were getting familiar to agriculture more. Meanwhile, it was uncovered that conditions of the land, which are scale, location and whether land reclamation was carried out or not, should be considered in the case of using uncultivated farmland as allotment. And the following matters were also suggested as the consideration.1.Although most of the cases were managed by local authorities or these associated organisations, these bodies hoped the ma … More intenance of allotment was operated by users because of their excessive work.2.The duration of activities depended on the quality of the facilities of allotment and whether the users built up good societies each other.Secondly, the actual condition of the school farm in the elementary school of Hyogo Prefecture was clarified by the questionnaire. The rate which uses farmland outside the school is about 40%, and as for the scale of farmland, less than 500 sq. meters occupies most. The evaluation to the school farm is high. In an urbanisation area, it is a serious subject to secure the farmland On the other hand, in the case study intended for the elementary school in the rural area, it is contributing to promotion of local activity of the school farm greatly. This suggests that the school farm may become priming for the local encouragement. The mechanism-making to reduce the loads of the farmer who supports the school farm is necessary.The third subjects were to survey of "Nanohana-Eco Project", aiming to develop a rural amenity and sustainable energy cycle by civil participation, and to clarify of the effective process and system of it. Nanohana means a rape. In this project, agricultural field was used for production of rapes to activate a rural tourism and product a bio-fuel. By the case study of Goshiki-cho, in Hyogo prefecture, the following points are found.1.The project makes it possible to obtain the various participation and fund-raising for practical use of agricultural fields.2.The project has been developed from a mono aim to multi aim, resulting to promote and strengthen multiple roles of agricultural field Less