Effect of nutritional substances on regulation of thermogenesis in chicken muscle

1.制度的建设和完善。在2002年，一个间接的，开路的热量计系统被建造，但这个系统有一个小问题的准确性。在2003年，除湿器被添加到呼吸室，以提高准确性。2004年，增加了呼吸室的数量，因此修改了气流选择器和控制程序。2005年，这个系统的控制系统出现了问题，可能是因为操作系统的一个累积问题。因此，将操作系统由Win-me改为Win-XP，并对控制程序和混风机进行了修改.环境温度和饮食诱导产热（DIT）。由于采食量有限，在低温环境下饲养的鸡不容易获得足够的能量。在本试验中，研究了在低环境温度下所需的营养素。本研究结果表明，通过增加膳食能量可以维持体温，但由于心血管功能受损（如高血压），腹水发生率增加。营养素和热量生产。研究了日粮蛋白质水平与鸡产热的关系。蛋白质的产热效应显著且呈剂量依赖性，但当蛋白质水平超过20%时，未观察到进一步的效应。此外，鸡的年龄似乎与产热程度有关。研究了日粮脂肪水平与产热的关系。脂肪几乎没有产热作用。虽然脂肪酸被认为不是有用的呼吸底物，但乙酸盐用作呼吸底物的速度比葡萄糖快。

1. Construction and improvement of the system. In 2002, an indirect, open-circuit calorimeter system was constructed, but this system had a little problem with the accuracy. In 2003, dehumidifiers were added to the respiratory chambers to improve accuracy. In 2004, the number of the respiratory chamber was increased, and consequently, the stream selector and control program were modified. In 2005, this system had a problem with the control system, probably because of a cumulative problem in the operating system. Therefore, the operating system was change from Win-me to Win-XP, and the control program and air-mixing fans were modified in this opportunity.2. Ambient temperature and diet-induced thermogenesis (DIT). Feeding enough energy to chickens kept at low ambient temperature is not easy, because of limited feed intake. In this experiment, required nutrients at low ambient temperature were examined. The results obtained here showed that body temperature was maintained by increased energy in diets, but incidence of ascites increased probably because of impaired cardiovascular function, such as hyper-tension.3. Nutrients and heat production. The relationship between dietary protein level and heat production in chickens was examined. Thermogenic effect of protein was remarkable and dose-dependent, but further effect was not observed when protein level exceeded 20%. In addition, the age of chickens seems to have a relation to the degree of heat production. The relationship between dietary fat level and heat production was examined. Fat had little thermogenic effect. Although fatty acids were not believed to be useful respiratory substrates, acetate was used as a respiratory substrate faster than glucose.