Effects of low-level environmental pollutants exposure to fetal infant and baby on his development at after birth

我们分别在日本鹿儿岛的M市、I市和A岛调查了202名、29名和113名母亲及其子女。三个地区母亲头发中的几何平均浓度（95%Cl）分别为1.66ppm（95%Cl=1.55-1.77ppm）、4.43ppm（95%=3.78-5.19）和3.23ppm（95%Cl=2.87-3.63）。我们研究了母亲的汞暴露水平与孩子开始独自行走的年龄之间的关系，使用了多元回归分析，调整了婴儿的性别，分娩时的母亲年龄和胎龄。由于总汞的分布是倾斜的，并且有一个长的上尾，我们在计算平均浓度和统计分析时使用了对数转换值。在M镇，我们采访了81位在1.5岁时接受良好儿童保健检查的母亲，以获得有关儿童开始行走的年龄（天）的信息，并发现该数据与母亲头发之间没有关系 ...更多信息 汞含量在I市，我们以同样的方式采访了22位母亲，发现在头发中汞浓度较高的母亲所生的孩子中，孩子开始走路的年龄（月）往往会推迟（p=0.042）。在A岛，我们采访了22位母亲，发现这两个变量之间没有统计学上的显著关系。接下来，我们进行了逻辑分析，其中客观变量是婴儿是否在一岁生日前开始走路，解释变量是母亲头发样本中的汞浓度。婴儿的性别、母亲的年龄和胎龄作为协变量纳入logistic模型。在这项分析中，所有母亲的汞含量都低于10 ppm。一岁以后开始走路的儿童比例随着母亲头发汞浓度的增加而增加，但这种趋势没有统计学意义（p=0.091）。这些结果表明，母亲头发汞浓度低至10 ppm可能会导致运动发育迟缓的儿童。少

We examined 202, 29, and 113 mothers and their children in M town, I City and A Islands in Kagoshima, Japan, respectively. The geometric mean concentrations (95%Cl) of maternal hair samples in those three areas were 1.66ppm (95%Cl=1.55-1.77ppm), 4.43ppm (95%=3.78-5.19), and 3.23ppm (95%Cl=2.87-3.63), respectively. We examined the relationship between the mothers' mercury exposure levels and the age at which their children started to walk alone, using a multiple regression analysis that adjusted for the gender of babies, maternal age at delivery, and gestational age. Since the distribution of total mercury was skewed and had a long upper tail, we used log-transformed values in the calculation of the mean concentrations and statistical analysis. In M town, we were able to interview 81 mothers at the time of the 1.5-year-old well-child care check-ups to obtain information on the age (in days) at which the children starting walking, and found no relation between this data and maternal hair … More mercury levels. In I City, we interviewed 22 mothers in the same manner, and found that the age (in months) when children started walking tended to be delayed among children delivered by mothers with higher mercury concentrations in their scalp hair (p=0.042). In A Islands, we interviewed 22 mothers and found no statistically significant relationship between those two variables. Next, we conducted a logistic analysis where the objective variable was whether or not a baby had started walking by the first birthday, and the explanatory variable was the mercury concentration of maternal hair samples. The sex of babies, mothers' ages and gestational ages were included in the logistic models as covariates. In this analysis all the mothers had mercury levels lower than 10ppm. The proportion of children who started walking after their first birthday increased with [increasing] maternal hair mercury concentration, but the tend was not statistically significant (p=0.091). Those findings suggest that maternal hair Hg concentrations as low as 10ppm may cause locomotors developmental delays in children. Less