Genome expression profiling of heavy ion irradiation for head and neck cancer using in-house DNA chips.

用X射线、碳离子和氖离子照射Ca 9 -22（源自牙龈鳞状细胞癌）、G361（皮肤恶性黑色素瘤）、HSG（唾液腺腺癌）和HaCaT（皮肤角质形成细胞）的培养细胞。通过殖民地测定和通过染料排除法进行的死细胞计数来确定每种细胞系的照射后细胞存活率。在<10>X射线衍射中，D_2和SF_4的大小顺序为Ca_（9 -22）&lt;G_（361）&lt;HSG&lt;HaCaT;在碳离子和氖离子中，D_2和SF_4的大小顺序为G_（361）&lt;HSG&lt;Ca_（9 -22）&lt;HaCaT。通过基因表达谱分析（基因芯片U133 A），鉴定了X射线和氖离子辐照对G361细胞和HSG细胞X射线抗性的调控作用。用X射线和碳离子照射Ca 9 -22细胞，并在照射后4小时进行基因表达分析。X射线照射后上调基因数为144个，碳离子照射后上调基因数为286个。X射线组下调基因数为402个，碳离子组下调基因数为331个。上调基因85个，下调基因111个。比较Ca 9 -22细胞和G361细胞基因表达的变化，发现两种照射后，有6个基因表达普遍上调，有6个基因表达普遍下调。从临床研究结果来看，恶性黑色素瘤经碳离子放疗的局部控制率高于鳞癌。通过研究在这些细胞系中以特定或一致方式表达的基因，可以分别估计碳离子敏感基因组和碳离子抗性基因组。这些证据表明，某些已知的基因组，如CyclinD 1，特别是决定重粒子辐射效果的差异。

Cultured cells of Ca9-22 (originating from squamous cell carcinoma of the gum), G361 (malignant melanoma of the skin), HSG (adenocarcinoma of the salivary gland) and HaCaT (keratinocyte of the skin) were irradiated with x-ray, carbon ions and neon ions. The post-irradiation cell survival rate for each cell lines was determined by the colony assay and a dead cell count taken by the dye exclusion method. The D_<10> and SF_4 show in the order from Ca9-22<G361<HSG<HaCaT in x-ray and G361<HSG<Ca9-22<HaCaT in carbon and neon ions. These findings confirmed that x-ray resistant G361 cells and HSG cells are well controlled by carbon and neon ions.Corresponding genes of x-ray and carbon ions irradiation were identified by gene expression analysis (gene chip U133A). The Ca9-22 cells were irradiated with x-ray and carbon ions, and gene expression analysis was performed four hours after irradiation. The number of up regulated genes was 144 after x-ray and 286 after carbon ions. The number of down regulated genes was 402 in x-ray and 331 in carbon ions.Similarly, G361 cells were irradiated with carbon ions. The number of up regulated genes was 85 and the number of down regulated genes was 111. Comparison of gene expression between Ca9-22 cells and G361 cells shows that 6 genes exhibited an up regulation commonly while six genes revealed a down regulation commonly after both irradiation. From the results of clinical research, malignant melanoma have a higher local control rate by carbon ion radiotherapy than squamous cell carcinoma. From investigations of the genes that are expressed in a specific or consistent manner in either of these cell lines, it was possible to estimate the group of carbon ion sensitive genes and the group of carbon ion resistant genes, respectively. This evidence suggests that certain already known gene groups such as CyclinD1, in particular, determine the differences in the effectiveness of heavy particle radiation.