Soundscape of Medieval Europe

在这项研究中，我们试图阐明声音在中世纪欧洲的意义，特别是那些钟和小号。至于原始文件，我们使用市政法规，行会法规，以及有关兄弟会和修道院的文件。为了评估这些数据的历史意义，我们将它们置于世俗和教会权力所处的文化和社会环境中。我们指出，中世纪的男人和女人认为钟具有法律地位，因此它们在社区运动中发挥了重要作用。为了惩罚反叛的城市，国王或公爵没收了这些钟。相反，叛逆的人利用铃铛来交流，并设计了一种特殊的声音语法，这种语法只在他们自己内部有效。在几种声音中，存在着一定的等级关系。例如，在中世纪晚期的城市中，它的顶部坐落着Bancloche------一座城市的主钟------，它由其他小钟辅助。在他们下面，为了传递距离较近的信息，使用喇叭。有时，人的哭声对这些声音信息作了补充解释。我们的研究将成为欧洲、亚洲和伊斯兰世界音景比较研究的起点。

In this study, we tried to illuminate the significance of sounds in Medieval Europe, especially those of bell and trumpet. As for original documents, we used municipal statutes, guild statutes, as well as documents concerning to confraternities and monasteries. In order to evaluate the historical meaning of these data, we situated them in the cultural and social milieu in which secular and ecclesiastical powers commit themselves.We pointed out that medieval men and women observed the bells to have a legal status and therefore they played an important role in communal movements. And to punish rebellious cities, kings or dukes confiscated the bells. In contrast, rebellious people made use of bells to communicate each other and devised a special grammar of sounds effective only within themselves.Among several sounds, there existed a certain hierarchy. For example, in late medieval cities on the top of it situated the Bancloche------the principal bell of a city------, which was aided by other small bells. Below them, for the use of less distant message, trumpets were used. Sometimes human cries gave a supplementary explanation to these sound messages.Our study will play the part of a starting point to a comparative study on the soundscapes of Europe, Asia and Islamic Worlds.